
布法罗以其精美且保存完好的建筑而闻名。截至 2020 年,布法罗有 23 个历史街区被国家历史保护名录或布法罗保护委员会认可,部分原因在于其建筑重要性。布法罗的建筑在 2011 年国家保护会议在此举行时成为了焦点。布法罗存在过的几乎每一个年代的建筑都得到了保存。关于布法罗丰富建筑遗产的庞大信息可以在屡获殊荣的网站 布法罗建筑与历史 上找到。
市中心
[]市中心有四个街区被国家历史保护名录或布法罗保护委员会认可:
- 位于埃利科特街和橡树街之间的杰纳西街南侧的一排七座建筑,靠近商业区的东端,紧邻肯辛顿快速路的终点,这个街区恰如其分地被称为市中心的“门户”。这些两、三、四层砖砌建筑大多建于 19 世纪的最后四分之一,风格为当时流行的样式,代表着布法罗商业区现存最完整的历史街景。值得庆幸的是,经过多年的忽视和拆除传言,这些房产已被彻底翻修,用作办公室、零售和餐厅空间。
- 位于尼亚加拉广场周围的区域,以及橡树街以西的教堂街和塞内卡街之间的区域。约瑟夫·埃利科特历史街区保存了埃利科特最初的布法罗村庄规划的核心,该规划至今基本保持完整,并包含布法罗历史上所有时代的各种建筑风格的历史建筑——从希腊复兴风格的Title Guarantee Building(富兰克林街 110 号,1833 年)到哥特式风格的St. Paul's Episcopal Cathedral(珍珠街 128 号,1849 年)和Erie County Hall(富兰克林街 96 号,1871 年),再到意大利式风格的Main-Seneca Building(主街 237 号,1913 年),装饰艺术风格的Walter Mahoney State Office Building(法院街 65 号,1932 年),以及令人惊叹的后现代风格的Robert H. Jackson U.S. Courthouse(尼亚加拉广场 2 号,2011 年),这只是其中一小部分。
- 也被称为主街-杰纳西街历史街区,500 号街区由主街、杰纳西街、东休伦街、华盛顿街和莫霍克街围合而成。这个街区记录了布法罗商业区从 19 世纪中叶到 20 世纪初的发展历程,主要由低层砖砌商业建筑组成,采用希腊复兴、文艺复兴复兴、新艺术风格和装饰艺术风格的本土化诠释。这些建筑的规模较小,通常不超过三到四层楼高,让人回想起 20 世纪中叶建造 Tishman 大厦和 Fountain Plaza 等摩天大楼改变主街这段路段的特色之前,市中心商业区的样子。值得庆幸的是,在多年的忽视和拆除传言之后,这些房产已经被彻底翻修,用作办公室、零售和餐厅空间。
- 该历史街区不仅作为布法罗传统且持久的娱乐区,得到了新的生命,而且以其建筑的宏伟而著称,其中大部分建筑建于世纪之交,采用美术学院派新古典主义风格,并装饰有精美的釉陶装饰。例如,Pierce Building(主街 651 号)、Alleyway Theatre(主街 672 号;与众不同的是,这座建筑建于 1941 年,采用流线型现代风格)、Perron Building(主街 674 号)、Market Arcade(主街 617 号),以及该街区的中心Shea's Performing Arts Center(主街 646 号)。
除了这些历史街区,市中心布法罗还有许多具有建筑意义的单体建筑,例如...
- 布法罗市政厅65 Niagara Square。电话:+1 716-851-4200。周一至周五 8 AM-5 PM。布法罗第二高的建筑,也是世界上最杰出的装饰艺术建筑典范之一。布法罗市政厅观景台可俯瞰布法罗及其周边地区、伊利湖和加拿大的无与伦比的景色。在晴朗的日子里,可以看到尼亚加拉大瀑布的薄雾在北方的地平线上。游客可以乘电梯到达 25 楼,然后爬楼梯到达剩余的三层。
- 担保大厦140 Pearl St.(地铁:Church)。电话:+1 716-854-0003。解释中心开放时间:周一至周五 8:30 AM-5 PM,或通过预约联系Preservation Buffalo Niagara。担保大厦建于 1896 年,是布法罗最早的高层办公建筑之一,由“摩天大楼之父”路易斯·沙利文设计,采用红褐色釉陶,堪称建筑奇迹。该建筑拥有令人惊叹的垂直线条,外墙装饰有精美的装饰艺术风格纹饰,其设计近乎完美地体现了“形式追随功能”的信条。多年来,这里一直是Buffalo Prudential Insurance Company(因此得名普鲁登西亚大厦)的总部,并于 1975 年被列为国家历史地标。大堂东北角设有一个展厅,展示沙利文及其合伙人邓克玛·阿德勒、该建筑的历史和建筑,以及其现任租户Hodgson Russ律师事务所的历史——这是布法罗最古老的持续经营的企业。还可预约导览。
- 圣保罗圣公会大教堂128 Pearl St.(地铁:Church)。电话:+1 716-855-0900。服务时间:周日 8 AM & 10 AM,周一至周五 12:05 PM。圣保罗圣公会大教堂是西纽约教区的主教座堂,也是布法罗建筑上最杰出的教堂——由理查德·厄普约翰于 1849 年建造,以取代同一地点早期建造的建筑。该教堂被列为国家历史地标,这是美国政府对人造建筑的最高级别认可,直到 1912 年,它一直是布法罗的最高建筑。
阿伦镇和特拉华区
[]阿伦敦和特拉华区有三个地方尤其会引起建筑爱好者的兴趣。
- 北邻市中心,是布法罗最早被列入国家登记册的街区,历史可追溯至 19 世纪中后期。其特色是小巧而精美的两层砖砌房屋,风格为意大利式、哥特复兴式、第二帝国式等当时流行的样式。阿伦敦最富建筑艺术魅力的建筑包括Allendale Theatre和构成Tiffts Row的七栋房屋,均位于艾伦街;特拉华大道的William Dorsheimer House,以及主街和弗吉尼亚街的原Buffalo Catholic Institute building,现为科学神教的所在地。
- 尽管特拉华大道沿线随处可见历史建筑,但被列入名录的街区仅限于北街和布莱恩特街之间的路段,被称为“百万富翁街”。百万富翁街的奢华证明了布法罗曾是美国人均百万富翁最多的城市。如今,大部分豪宅已被改建为当地公司和非营利组织的办公场所。特拉华大道沿线众多豪宅包括Butler Mansion(#672 号)、Clement Mansion(#786 号,现为美国红十字会当地分会)、Richmond-Lockwood House(#844 号)和Charles W. Goodyear House(#888 号)。
- 该街区包括林伍德大道、北街、特拉华大道和西费里街之间的街区,以及林伍德街和西费里街对面两侧的相应房产,以及布莱恩特街以北特拉华大道对面两侧的房产。与相邻的“百万富翁街”一样,林伍德大道在内战后崛起,成为布法罗迅速增长的贵族阶层的游乐场,他们在那里建造了既田园诗般又明显城市化的豪宅;与“百万富翁街”不同的是,林伍德历史街区的大多数老房子仍作为私人住宅使用。这里以殖民复兴式、安妮女王式、莎林式以及其他世纪之交风格的坚固木结构房屋为主;其中包括Charles R. Huntley House(#440 Linwood Avenue)、不寻常的Henry Crane House(#420)和Albert J. Wright House(#242)。
森林草坪公墓也是著名建筑师弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特设计的陵墓所在地。
- 蓝天陵墓位于森林草坪公墓 15 区(可从特拉华大道或主街入口进入;地铁巴士 11、18、25、26 或 29;地铁:Delavan-Canisius College)。电话:+1 716-885-1600。每日 8 AM-5 PM,夏季至 7 PM。森林草坪公墓,其广阔、修剪整齐的绿色空间,点缀着伸展的遮荫树和鸣禽,是赖特在布法罗最喜欢的地方之一,这里是他于 1925 年至 1928 年间为他的朋友兼赞助人达尔文·D·马丁规划的安息之地。尽管马丁的财富因 1929 年的股市崩盘而化为乌有,但蓝天陵墓根据原始蓝图于 2004 年完工,并由赖特本人培训的建筑师安东尼·普特南监督。作为赖特“有机”草原风格建筑的典范,这座陵墓由 24 个双层墓穴组成,采用铺展的白色 佛蒙特花岗岩板嵌入一个缓坡草坪旁边的水晶湖,顶部有一个粗壮的石碑。建筑师将他的设计描述为“面向开阔天空的安息之地——一座庄严的巨型墓碑,与所有生命沟通。”对于特别虔诚的赖特崇拜者,陵墓墓穴可供购买(请致电咨询价格和其他详情)。至于马丁本人,他于 1935 年身无分文地去世,并被安葬在森林草坪的一个普通坟墓中,该坟墓长期未标记,但于 2007 年由Forest Lawn Heritage Foundation为其立碑。
埃尔姆伍德村
[]越来越多的人,布法罗精美且保存完好的建筑吸引了当地人和游客的目光。然而,除了下面更详细介绍的宏伟的奥姆斯特德公园和大道系统外,埃尔姆伍德村在建筑宝藏方面确实不如邻近的阿伦敦和特拉华区。埃尔姆伍德大道本身大部分是新近的商业店面,没有建筑特色;街道两侧的房屋多为两到三层木结构住宅,风格为上世纪之交流行的安妮女王式、殖民复兴式和莎林式,有时也有意大利式和罗马式复兴式等较老的风格。尽管这些房屋的优雅程度不如你在特拉华区看到的,但它们保存得异常完好——这种建筑完整性,讲述了埃尔姆伍德村作为布法罗第一个“电车郊区”的历史,正是 2012 年 12 月创建Elmwood West Historic District的理由。该历史街区基本上包括了埃尔姆伍德大道以西的整个埃尔姆伍德村,占地 275 英亩(115 公顷),直到 2016 年 3 月被更大的Elmwood East Historic District(占地 406 英亩,169 公顷),位于埃尔姆伍德大道另一侧,其特点与前者基本相同,才成为布法罗被列入国家历史保护名录的最大历史街区。
埃尔姆伍德村中一处可以看到真正壮观的建筑瑰宝的地方是林肯公园大道。那里的豪宅比特拉华大道“百万富翁街”上的房屋要新几十年,但同样宏伟奢华:宏伟的石制哨兵,采用美术学院派、都铎复兴式和殖民复兴式风格,矗立在阿尔布赖特-诺克斯画廊后面一条宁静、宽阔、绿树成荫的道路上。
同样位于林肯公园大道附近的是威廉·R·希思故居,位于公园大道的南端,兵士广场 76 号。希思故居是弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特为拉金肥皂公司高管设计的几处布法罗房屋中的第一处;遗憾的是,与北布法罗的达尔文·D·马丁故居不同,希思故居是私人所有,不对外开放参观。
毫无疑问,埃尔姆伍德村最伟大的建筑瑰宝是宏伟的理查森-奥姆斯特德建筑群,这是一个国家历史保护区和国家历史地标,毗邻布法罗州立大学。理查森-奥姆斯特德建筑群占地 91 英亩(36 公顷),边界为埃尔姆伍德大道、森林大道、里斯街和洛克威尔路,由建筑师 H. H. 理查森于 1870 年设计,采用红色的梅迪纳砂岩建造,代表了他标志性的理查森式罗马式风格的顶峰。该建筑群的景观设计是弗雷德里克·劳·奥姆斯特德的作品,他刚刚完成了布法罗公园系统的第一期工程;年轻的斯坦福·怀特,后来成为著名的纽约市公司 McKim, Mead and White 的合伙人,也曾担任该项目的副建筑师。一个多世纪以来,该建筑群一直是布法罗州立医院的所在地,这是一家精神病院,其双塔行政大楼仍然高耸于社区之上 161 英尺(49 米);行政大楼两侧是十座住宅楼,每侧五座。布法罗精神病治疗中心的运营于 1994 年迁至埃尔姆伍德大道附近的一座现代化建筑,留下了历史建筑空置;幸运的是,由于国家注册房产可享受的保护税收减免以及纽约州政府提供的 1 亿美元拨款,这些宏伟的建筑正在进行结构稳定和彻底修复,并计划重新开发。Hotel Henry,一家豪华精品酒店和“城市度假村”,于 2017 年 4 月在原行政大楼开放;对该建筑群其他部分再利用的额外想法包括建立一座致力于布法罗和纽约西部杰出建筑的博物馆。
北布法罗
[]布法罗精美且保存完好的建筑越来越受到当地人和游客的关注。截至 2020 年 3 月,布法罗有 12 个历史街区被列入国家历史保护名录,另有 11 个被布法罗保护委员会授予地标地位。其中三个街区位于北部布法罗。
- 该 Parkside East Historic District. Bounded by Main Street on its southeast, Humboldt Parkway on its south, Parkside Avenue, Amherst Street and Colvin Avenue on its west, and the Belt Line railroad on its north and northeast, this district comprises pretty much the entirety of the neighborhood Buffalonians know simply as "Parkside". Though located within the city limits, Parkside was one of the first neighborhoods of Buffalo that might be called "suburban"; its architectural significance comes not only from the leafy, curvilinear layout of its streets — as described in the History section, the work of eminent landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted — but also from the large two- and three-story wood-frame houses that occupy those streets, constructed in styles typical of upper-class residential architecture from 1870 through 1930 such as the Queen Anne, Bungalow, Craftsman, and Colonial Revival styles. Prominent among the historic and/or architecturally notable buildings of Parkside include the William Sydney Wicks House at 124 Jewett Parkway, the Walter V. Davidson House at 57 Tillinghast Place, and — of course — the Darwin D. Martin House, described in detail at the end of this section.
- 该 Parkside West Historic District. Although it is located in the neighborhood that Buffalonians call Park Meadow, this district is named as such because it was originally intended by Frederick Law Olmsted as a western extension of Parkside. The neighborhood is much newer than Parkside — no significant development occurred there until after the Pan-American Exposition, with most houses in the area constructed between 1920 and the beginning of World War II — and the extent to which the patchwork of real estate companies that developed the neighborhood adhered to Olmsted's original plan is inconsistent (especially the further you move from Delaware Park). Thus, the Parkside West Historic District is not nearly as significant for its landscape design as for the architecture of the buildings themselves — the neighborhood is a veritable showcase for some of Buffalo's best examples of aristocratic mansions in styles popular during the interwar period, such as the French Château, Tudorbethan, and Colonial Revival. These include the Howard Kellogg House at 12 Middlesex Road, the Mary Goodyear House at 115 Meadow Road, and the breathtaking Annie Lang Miller House at 175 Nottingham Terrace.
- 该 University Park Historic District. 位于University Heights占地45英亩(18公顷)的土地上,大致以Main Street、Capen Boulevard、Kenmore Avenue以及University Avenue西侧房屋的后方地块为界,University Park于2011年被列入国家历史保护名录,作为“纽约州布法罗郊区发展”多项财产申报的一部分——它确实具有鲜明的郊区特色;这是20世纪10年代和20年代规划住宅区一个保存完好的典范,拥有华丽的入口大门,与在Eggertsville和Snyder等邻近的早期郊区Main Street上的大门类型相同。University Park对建筑爱好者来说的吸引力不在于任何杰出的单独建筑(尽管位于Niagara Falls Boulevard 62号的Edward Diebolt House于2006年被单独列入国家历史保护名录),而在于其绿树成荫、生机勃勃的街景,旨在为远离城市喧嚣提供宁静的休憩之所,以及其同质化的住房存量,包括单户家庭的Colonial Revival、Craftsman、American Foursquare和Bungalow风格的住宅,尽管风格相似,但比Parkside的住宅略逊一筹,规模也更小。

此外,尽管它未被列入当地、州或国家历史名录,但另一个对于历史和建筑爱好者来说值得注意的街区是 Central Park. 这个街区紧邻Parkside,横跨Belt Line铁路,始建于1890年,由Lewis Bennett规划,他从运河船修理工一路晋升为巨大的Bennett Limestone Quarry的老板,该采石场就位于Main Street对面,在东区现在被称为Highland Park的街区,Central Park的街道上布满了布法罗一些最优质的住宅。例如Bayliss-Oishei House(位于Depew Avenue 360号)、旧Central Park Station(Belt Line铁路唯一现存的前车站,位于Starin Avenue 10号),以及Edward Barcalo House(位于Depew Avenue 371号)(是的,就是发明Barcalounger的人)。
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Parkside也是布法罗建筑爱好者毫无疑问的首要景点所在地:
- Darwin D. Martin House Complex, 125 Jewett Pkwy. (Metro Bus 8 or 11; Metro Rail: Amherst Street), ☏ +1 716-856-3858. 基本导览团周一、周三、周六上午11点、中午12点和下午1点出发;周日上午12:30、下午1点和1:30出发;深入导览团周一、周三、周五、周六上午11点出发,周日下午12:30出发. 这是Frank Lloyd Wright职业生涯前半段最重要的作品,也是这位著名建筑师在芝加哥以外的第一个委托项目,Darwin D. Martin Complex是布法罗庞大建筑宝库中的皇冠明珠之一。该建筑群不仅包括Darwin D. Martin House本身——为Larkin Soap Company总裁、Wright的长期朋友和赞助人建造于1904-05年——还有George Barton House,Martin的女儿和女婿曾住在这里;Gardener's Cottage;以及三座建筑——马厩、温室和凉亭——它们于1962年被拆除,并根据Wright的原始蓝图于2007年重建,成为历史上第一批被拆除后重建的Frank Lloyd Wright建筑。在被忽视、破坏和衰败半个多世纪后,该建筑群于1994年被Martin House Restoration Corporation收购, extensive restoration process finally completed in 2010. 对于许多当地居民来说,Darwin D. Martin House的重生象征着布法罗市民对其城市世界级建筑的关注度日益提高。提供一个小时的基本导览,以及一个更长的两小时的深入导览。 基本导览15美元,老年人13美元,学生10美元,会员免费;深入导览30美元,老年人28美元,学生和会员25美元.

Darwin Martin House并非North Buffalo唯一的Frank Lloyd Wright设计的住宅。另一处, Walter V. Davidson House,也可以在Parkside找到。Davidson House位于该街区西北端的Tillinghast Place 57号,是为Larkin Company的执行官(1906年至1913年间)所设计,之后创办了Davidson Shoe Company。尽管它比Darwin Martin House明显小且不那么引人注目——在Davidson House的建造中,Wright所使用的预算较少,或许预示着他晚年为中产阶级客户设计的“Usonian”住宅——但其适度的规模却隐藏着一个令人惊叹的两层客厅,客厅东端有一个巨大的凸窗。遗憾的是,Walter Davidson House是私人住宅,不对外开放参观。
西区
[]布法罗精美且保存完好的建筑越来越受到当地人和游客的关注。截至2020年3月,布法罗有12个历史街区被列入国家历史保护名录,另有11个获得了布法罗保护委员会的标志性地位。其中五个街区位于西区。
- Fargo Estate Historic District. Fargo Estate Historic District占地49英亩(20公顷),位于Prospect Hill南坡,大致以Prospect Avenue、Hudson Street、Normal Avenue、York Street和Porter Avenue为界,紧邻Allentown Historical District,两者在建筑风格上有一些相似之处。该街区的名称来源于曾经占据两个半街区的豪华乡村庄园——William Fargo的住所,他曾任布法罗市长,是一位百万富翁航运巨头,并作为Wells, Fargo & Co.的联合创始人载入史册——但Fargo Estate本身寿命短暂,仅存在了二十年,在Fargo的继承人于1890年左右将土地分割成住宅地块后就消失了。如今您在这里看到的是一片建于1880年至1930年间的两层和三层砖木结构房屋,曾是一个中产阶级意大利裔美国人社区的住所;这是West Side保存最完好的住宅区之一。Italianate、Second Empire、Queen Anne和Colonial Revival风格占主导地位,还有一些后期的风格,如Craftsman和American Foursquare。今天,Fargo Estate对建筑和城市设计爱好者来说的吸引力主要在于其保存完好的时代街景,而不是任何单独的建筑。然而,如果您有兴趣参观一些街区的历史和建筑地标,可以前往前Plymouth Methodist Episcopal Church(位于Porter Ave. 453号,建于1911年,现为Karpeles Manuscript Library)或可爱的Second Empire风格的Engine No. 2 and Hook and Ladder No. 9消防站(1875年,Jersey St. 310号)。该街区的另一历史方面体现在Porter Avenue和Normal Avenue拐角处的Life Memorial Park,这是一个建于1992年的花园,以纪念当地艾滋病疫情的受害者。

- Market Square Historic District. 这个小型的历史街区围绕着Amherst Street介于Niagara和Tonawanda Streets之间的三个街区,代表了最初Lower Black Rock村的中心;Amherst Street最西边街区两侧宽阔的草坪绿地,现在矗立着历史纪念碑和解说牌,曾是村创始人Peter Porter赠送给该村的一个大型公共市场。与曾经被称为Upper Black Rock(合并后成为高度工业化的城市一部分)不同,Lower Black Rock保留了其独立的精神,即使在今天,它仍然具有小村庄的风格和感觉。这里的建筑——包括一些布法罗现存最古老的房屋——体现了Italianate、Queen Anne、Greek Revival和Federal等风格的杰出范例。红砖哥特式St. John's United Evangelical Church(Amherst St. 81号,1890年)、Federal风格的Jacob Schmidt House and Tavern和Stephen W. Howell House and Store(分别为Amherst St. 71号和Dearborn St. 189号,均约1830年建造),以及巨大的St. Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church(East St. 161号,1912年)是Market Square Historic District的一些历史遗迹。该区域的另一个历史方面是Porter和Normal Avenues拐角处的Life Memorial Park,这是一个建于1992年的花园,以纪念当地艾滋病疫情的受害者。

- Prospect Hill Historic District. Prospect Hill Historic District位于Peace Bridge桥脚附近的湖滨,占地21英亩(8.5公顷),由五个街区组成,包含单户和双户住宅,大致以Busti Avenue、Rhode Island Street、Niagara Street、Columbus Parkway、7th Street和Porter Avenue为界。该街区的房屋跨越了一个相对较长的历史时期——大约从1850年代到1950年代——在此期间,Prospect Hill逐渐从郊区边缘的零散房屋和小型农场演变为富裕的市中心街区,居住着布法罗意大利裔美国社区的上流人士,这在很大程度上得益于Frederick Law Olmsted的公园系统,其最西端的Front Park、Porter Avenue和Prospect Park与该街区相邻。尽管它比大多数West Side街区更能抵御20世纪末布法罗的衰退,并且至今仍是理想的居住地,但遗憾的是,Prospect Hill的大多数历史建筑都已被拆除——特别是,城堡般的Fort Porter(建于1844年,位于Front Park北端,曾被用作海关和卫兵室)和托斯卡纳别墅风格的Colonel Samuel Wilkeson House(约1863年,曾位于Busti Ave. 771号)分别于1926年和2013年为Peace Bridge广场的两次扩建而被拆除。然而,该街区至今仍保留着许多拥有各种建筑风格的精美住宅。

- Upper Black Rock Local Historic District. Upper Rock Historic District由Niagara Street介于Breckenridge Street和Lafayette Avenue之间的两侧建筑以及Mason Street西侧相邻的建筑组成,这是一个保存完好的时代街景,可追溯到1885年至1915年间,当时Upper Rock是众多交通方式交汇处的繁华工业区——街道西侧的旧仓库和工厂建筑直接连接到New York Central Railroad的轨道和曾经的Erie Canal,而街道东侧则以服务该街区工薪阶层居民的房屋和店面为特色。Upper Black Rock Historic District中的一些建筑包括前Sterling Engine Company(Niagara St. 1246-1270号),建于1907年,现已改建为Resurgence Brewery的所在地,以及旧的Union Meeting House(Breckenridge St. 44号),它是该区所有建筑中最古老的,是布法罗现存最古老的教堂建筑,建于1827年。

- West Village Historic District. 与Fargo Estate Historic District非常相似,West Village是一个时期住宅区,位于曾经的巨大私人庄园所在地:这里曾是布法罗第一任市长Ebenezer Johnson博士的庄园,他在1850年离开该市后将其卖给了开发商。West Village是West Side最靠近市中心的部分——占地22英亩(9公顷),以South Elmwood Avenue、Tracy Street、Carolina Street、Whitney Place和West Chippewa Street为界——它包含了一个名副其实的19世纪末建筑风格百科全书,Italianate、French Second Empire、Romanesque Revival和Gothic Revival风格都有充分的体现。此外,1800年代主导该街区的单户住宅在世纪之交时增加了一些漂亮的砂岩公寓楼。与Fargo Estate district一样,West Village的吸引力与其说是来自个别建筑,不如说在于它作为一个保存完好的19世纪中期迷人住宅区的整体身份——以及其街道格局,Joseph Ellicott在布法罗规划的辐射状大道与倾斜的旧South Black Rock网格在此交汇,形成一个以Johnson Park为中心的不规则迷宫,该公园由前市长捐赠给该市,曾是他家的前院,并于1876年由Frederick Law Olmsted重新设计。尽管如此,位于Prospect Ave. 262号(Georgia St.拐角处)的哥特复兴式Prospect Avenue Baptist Church(建于1867年,1881年扩建)是一座真正的瑰宝。

Prospect Hill也拥有尼亚加拉边境六座Frank Lloyd Wright建筑之一:
- Fontana Boathouse, 40 Porter Ave. (Metro Bus 22), ☏ +1 716-362-3140. 开放参观(4月至9月:请查看网站了解时间表,10月至3月:仅限预约). 这是唯一一处由著名的Frank Lloyd Wright设计的船屋,Charles and Marie Fontana Boathouse拥有布法罗Wright建筑中最不寻常的历史。它设计于1905年(与Wright最著名的布法罗委托项目同时期,已消失的Larkin Administration Building和至今仍存在的Darwin D. Martin House),原计划为威斯康星大学赛艇俱乐部在麦迪逊建造,但最终在布法罗建造——于2007年,在Wright的设计定稿一个多世纪后——这得益于当地一群Wright爱好者不懈的努力,资金主要由出生于布法罗的编剧Tom Fontana提供。对原始设计的唯一改动是用混凝土取代了外墙的抹灰。Fontana Boathouse如今兼具West Side Rowing Club的运作船屋和日益增长的建筑旅游者目的地的双重作用,他们来到布法罗参观Wright和其他大师的作品。它也可供私人活动租用。 参观10美元.

南布法罗
[]South Buffalo对布法罗丰富建筑遗产的主要贡献是前工业区的谷物筒仓。Joseph Dart于1843年在布法罗建造了第一个谷物筒仓,如今Elevator Alley仍然是世界上最大的谷物筒仓集合地。这些坚固的巨石曾经被视为眼中钉,但主要由于拆除成本高昂才得以幸免于难。不过,如今布法罗人开始拥抱他们艰苦的工业历史,谷物筒仓被重新用于各种用途。
此外,South Buffalo还包含一些对历史建筑爱好者来说很有趣的街区。在整个城市中,有12个历史街区被列入国家历史保护名录,另有11个获得了布法罗保护委员会的标志性地位,尽管其中只有两个位于South Buffalo,但也有一些“非官方”街区值得注意。
- Cobblestone Local Historic District占地略多于13英亩(5.3公顷),以Perry Street、Columbia Street、South Park Avenue和Illinois Street为界,还包括Buffalo River以北的密歇根大道两个街区,那里停泊着历史消防船Edward M. Cotter。该地区可追溯到1820年代和30年代,曾是美国最糟糕的贫民窟之一,居住着贫穷的爱尔兰工业劳工,并交织着人工航道网络,这些航道从港口辐射而出,工厂通过这些航道接收通过伊利运河运输的原材料,或将成品运往市场。该街区的重要性在大约一个世纪之交开始下降,当时运河被填平,而爱尔兰人随着政治和社会地位的提高,逐渐变得富裕 enough to move to the much safer, still-semirural lands south of the Buffalo River。如今,Cobblestone District对历史爱好者的主要吸引力在于街道本身——许多街道仍然铺设着赐予该街区名称的花岗岩块,这些花岗岩块作为压舱物由湖泊货轮运来,并在港口被丢弃。至于之间的建筑,大多数已被拆除,除了在Illinois和Mississippi Streets之间(以95 Perry Street的五层仓库Bendin Building为中心)的一系列19世纪和20世纪初的砖砌工业建筑外,这些建筑现在正被积极地修复为酒吧、餐馆、办公空间和阁楼公寓。
- 尽管尚未被列入任何历史名胜名录,The Triangle 仍是世纪之交时期住宅的一片迷人区域,对于建筑爱好者来说非常值得一游。该区域的名称恰如其分:The Triangle 的经典界限是东北部的 South Park Avenue,南部的 Amber Street,以及西部的 Hopkins Street,尽管 South Park Avenue 另一侧 Heacock Park 西边的街道也基本上具有相同的特征。The Triangle 最初是富有的银行家和实业家 Reuben Heacock 的乡村农田,但其历史真正开始于 19 世纪 90 年代,当时 Frederick Law Olmsted 被请回布法罗,设计他公园系统的南部延伸。当时,南布法罗的城市发展远落后于城市其他地区,它不仅与布法罗河隔开,而且还被一系列繁忙的铁路轨道隔开——在潮湿天气里,河岸周围的沼泽常常会泛滥,切断了通往北方的少数几条道路。在开始工作之前,Olmsted stated that city leaders needed to make South Buffalo more easily accessible from the rest of the city and to mitigate the constant flooding problems. The city responded by building more streets and dredging the river into a concrete channel, and as soon as Olmsted's park system opened, The Triangle began developing into a classic turn-of-the-century "streetcar suburb" with South Park Avenue as its main shopping street. Today, the side streets of The Triangle are dominated by homes that date from the 1890s to the 1930s and reflect the architectural fashions of that period: wood-frame houses in the Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Craftsman, and American Foursquare styles, many of which were partially prefabricated "kit houses" available through mail-order catalogs. Peppered among them are a few larger buildings, including some fairly impressive churches, Holy Family Catholic Church at 1887 South Park Avenue and St. Jude's Episcopal Church at 124 Macamley Street among them.

- 被提名为国家历史名胜名录的 Larkin Local Historic District 位于 Seneca Street 和 Swan Street 的拐角处,曾经被称为 The Hydraulics 的区域。该地区以 1828 年由当地企业家 Reuben Heacock 修建的 Hydraulic Canal 命名,本应是世界领先的工业区之一——但运河仅够支持少数几家制革厂、屠宰场和其他工业。幸运的是,The Hydraulics 靠近铁路,即使在运河被填平后,它仍然是重要的工业中心,并很快被 Larkin Company 所主导,这家邮购巨头的巨大厂房园区围绕着由 Darwin Martin 的好友 Frank Lloyd Wright 设计的精美 Administration Building 而建。该公司于 1943 年倒闭,原因是经济大萧条的影响加上目录销售的受欢迎程度下降,但 Larkinville 的大部分建筑(Wright 的 Administration Building 除外;见下文)至今仍屹立不倒,许多建筑已被翻新和修复为办公场所。其中包括位于 701 Seneca Street 的庞大的 Larkin Factory Complex 和位于 726 Exchange Street 的 Terminal Warehouse Building;位于 239 Van Rensselaer Street、现为办公场所的 U Building;以及位于 755 Seneca Street、现为当地建筑事务所的 Kamman Building。所有这些的中心是 Larkin Square, with pleasant greenery, restaurants and food trucks, and frequent special events.
- Remains of the Larkin Administration Building, between Swan Street and Seneca Street adjacent to the New York Central Railroad tracks (Metro Bus 15 or 18). The last remnant of the Larkin Administration Building is this 20-foot (6-m) brick and sandstone exterior wall. Built in 1906, the Administration Building was the most majestic Frank Lloyd Wright building in Buffalo and the prototypical adaptation of his favored Prairie Style to a large office building. Five stories tall and faced in dark red sandstone brick adorned with bas-relief sculptures and with two waterfall-like fountains flanking the entrance, the building consisted of offices arranged around the perimeter, with balconies looking onto a central court. The Administration Building's interior walls were of hard cream-colored brick with accents in Greek magnesite, and it boasted a state-of-the-art ventilation system and lighting and electrical fixtures designed by Wright. After the Larkin Company's bankruptcy in 1943, the Administration Building was left abandoned and decaying, and was eventually purchased by a trucking company who demolished it in 1950 to make room for a parking lot. The wall was restored in 2003; adjacent to it is an interpretive plaque with information on Larkin Company history and Frank Lloyd Wright's architectural legacy in Buffalo.

- Remains of the Larkin Administration Building, between Swan Street and Seneca Street adjacent to the New York Central Railroad tracks (Metro Bus 15 or 18). The last remnant of the Larkin Administration Building is this 20-foot (6-m) brick and sandstone exterior wall. Built in 1906, the Administration Building was the most majestic Frank Lloyd Wright building in Buffalo and the prototypical adaptation of his favored Prairie Style to a large office building. Five stories tall and faced in dark red sandstone brick adorned with bas-relief sculptures and with two waterfall-like fountains flanking the entrance, the building consisted of offices arranged around the perimeter, with balconies looking onto a central court. The Administration Building's interior walls were of hard cream-colored brick with accents in Greek magnesite, and it boasted a state-of-the-art ventilation system and lighting and electrical fixtures designed by Wright. After the Larkin Company's bankruptcy in 1943, the Administration Building was left abandoned and decaying, and was eventually purchased by a trucking company who demolished it in 1950 to make room for a parking lot. The wall was restored in 2003; adjacent to it is an interpretive plaque with information on Larkin Company history and Frank Lloyd Wright's architectural legacy in Buffalo.
东区
[]对于建筑爱好者来说,东区的主要名片是散布在各处的宏伟的 churches。这些宫殿般的建筑代表了 19 世纪下半叶流行的风格:哥特式、罗马式和文艺复兴复兴风格(尤其是“波兰大教堂”式的平面布局在 Broadway-Fillmore 附近密集聚集的教堂中尤为常见),它们是东区昔日作为德国、波兰等地人口众多、繁荣的社区的家园的遗迹。虽然一些教堂仍然是活跃的教区,一些已被出售给外部买家并被重新利用,但另一些则空置且状况恶化,未来充满不确定性。有关这些建筑瑰宝的更多信息,请参阅 布法罗东区历史教堂 之旅。
撇开最显而易见的具有历史意义的宏伟建筑,如教堂和 Central Terminal(下文将详细介绍),保存运动在东区的兴起比城市其他地区要晚得多。直到 21 世纪初,才开始有有意义的努力来保护该区的建筑遗产,那时该地区大部分历史建筑已经消失。如今,在布法罗被国家历史名胜名录或布法罗保护委员会认可的 23 个历史街区中,只有四个位于东区,尽管它占了城市近一半的土地面积——有趣的是,其中三个(Broadway-Fillmore、High Street 和 Michigan-Sycamore Local Historic Districts)的建立并非主动地、普遍地认识到其历史完整性,而是被动地、作为基层社区努力挽救特定建筑免遭当地开发商迫在眉睫的拆除计划的成果。
- Broadway-Fillmore Local Historic District. On the East Side, the designation of historic districts is generally not so much intended as a stimulus for restoration than as a preventative measure (often a last-ditch one) to forestall the imminent destruction of the historic built environment. The Broadway-Fillmore Local Historic District, an irregularly-shaped expanse of 70 acres (28 ha) centered around the corner of the two namesake streets and also encompassing the few blocks east of the Broadway Market, is a textbook example of this, chosen in part because it's a relatively dense cluster of period buildings amidst an East Side that's more and more succumbing to the plague of vacant lots. Of course the neighborhood is rich in historical and architectural importance too: the houses and commercial buildings here represent a mix of 19th- and early 20th-century styles and together tell two different stories: that of the vibrant Polish-American community that it was once at the heart of, and the devastation wrought on that community by the post-World War II trends of suburbanization and economic stagnation. Some of the most prominent ones you'll see here are the magnificent Beaux-Arts style Union Stockyards Bank (1910) at 949 Broadway, the Streamline Moderne building across the street at 950 Broadway (1940) that was home to Eckhardt's and later Kobacker's department stores, the humble but handsome Adam Mickiewicz Library and Dramatic Circle (1895) at 612 Fillmore Avenue, and the majestic Corpus Christi RC Church (1909) at 199 Clark Street.

- Hamlin Park Historic District. The United States' largest residential preservation district with a majority-black population, Hamlin Park is an attractive middle-class area that's listed on both the national and local historic registers — it's a triangle bounded by East Ferry Street on the south, Main Street on the northwest, and Humboldt Parkway on the northeast (the locally listed portion includes only what's east of Jefferson Avenue). The neighborhood is divided into two parts: the northern half is the older one, dating to about 1890, with curvilinear streets as an imitation of the Olmsted-designed streetscape in nearby Parkside. The southern half was the site of the Buffalo Driving Park, a racetrack owned by Cicero Hamlin (hence the neighborhood's name) that closed in 1912 and became a residential neighborhood thereafter, with the more-or-less gridiron street pattern that's common to the rest of the East Side. By the 1920s, the streets of Hamlin Park were filled with handsome pattern-book houses in the Craftsman, Bungalow, and American Foursquare styles, home to a population of middle-class Germans as well as Jews who migrated north from the Ellicott District. As well, in 1912, the new campus of Canisius College was built on Main Street and, over the next decades, came to dominate the northern half of the neighborhood. Today, despite the destruction of its main thoroughfare, Humboldt Parkway, Hamlin Park has preserved its historic integrity remarkably well: it has almost none of the abandonment, blight and vacant lots that plague other East Side areas. Its significance today for architecture buffs has more to do with the period streetscape as a whole rather than any individual building, though the Stone Farmhouse at 60 Hedley Place, dating to about 1850, is notable as one of only two such houses left within Buffalo's city limits.

- High Street Local Historic District. Located in the Fruit Belt — a neighborhood that's on the cusp of radical change thanks to the presence on its western flank of the Buffalo Niagara Medical Corridor, a huge engine of the region's emerging high-tech economy that will employ some 17,000 people when complete — Buffalo's smallest historic district comprises three properties on both sides of High Street between Maple and Mulberry Streets. The buildings that make up the district are the former High Street Baptist Church at 215 High Street, built in 1883 and now home to the Promiseland Missionary Baptist Church, a red brick church in a hybrid Romanesque and Gothic style whose stout, angled bell tower has long been a neighborhood landmark; the three-story Italianate at 195 High Street built in 1875 as home to Henry Schirmer's meat market and now the site of the High Street Deli, the oldest continuously operating food market in the city; and the 1871 Meidenbauer-Morgan House at 204 High Street, the long-vacant home of a succession of two local doctors whose planned demolition to make way for a new grocery store was the factor that spurred the historic district's creation.

- Michigan-Sycamore Local Historic District. This is the smallest historic district in Buffalo, at only a quarter of an acre (1,050 square meters) in area, consisting in its entirety of three adjoining Near East Side properties at the corner of Sycamore Street and Michigan Avenue (hence its name) that represent some of the only remaining pre-Civil War architecture in the vicinity of downtown, yet were under serious threat of demolition at the time the district was created. The Eliza Quirk Boarding House at 72 Sycamore is the most famous of them, built in 1848 as a boardinghouse but named for a subsequent owner, a prominent Buffalo madam; it's now being redeveloped as apartments and office space. For their part, 82 Sycamore Street (c. 1847) was a grocery store and boardinghouse owned by Theodore and Louisa Stover, and 608 Michigan Avenue (c. 1900s or early '10s) was an auto glass shop for many years; they're both vacant today.


- New York Central Terminal, 495 Paderewski Drive (Metro Bus 4 or 23). Check website for tour schedule. All tours begin at 11AM and last approximately 2-2½ hours. Of all the magnificent train stations built in Buffalo at the height of the railroad era (when it was second only to Chicago as a railway hub), the Central Terminal was the grandest — and today it's the only one left standing. The Central Terminal opened for business a few months before the stock market crash of 1929 and served as the gateway to Buffalo for passengers on the New York Central Railroad (and, later, Amtrak) until 1979, when it was shuttered as a cost-cutting measure. The building spent the next twenty years being passed from owner to owner; by 1997, the year the Central Terminal Restoration Corporation acquired it for $1 plus back taxes, the Terminal had fallen victim to the ravages of vandalism and more than a few harsh Buffalo winters. Despite all that, it's still one of the architectural wonders of Buffalo: an Art Deco masterpiece designed by the New York City firm of Fellheimer & Wagner, the same ones who designed Grand Central Station in Manhattan sixteen years previously, with a tower that rises 272 feet (83 meters) over old Polonia, the tallest building in Buffalo outside of downtown. Today, despite the overwhelming scale of the task at hand, the CTRC has made a good deal of headway in stabilizing and renovating the building. The best way to see the inside of the Central Terminal is on one of the docent-led historical tours (which cover various areas of the passenger concourse and tower, depending on the status of the renovations) that occur once a month from May to September. But if you're not in town for one of those, there are occasional special events held inside the concourse that are open to the public (including a train show and an annual Oktoberfest celebration), and "ghost tours" in the two weeks or so leading up to Halloween are also a hit. Historical tours $15; check website for admission rates to other tours and events.