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来自维客旅行

恶地国家公园是位于南达科他州西南部的一座国家公园。该公园以崎岖的“恶地”地形为特色,与周围连绵起伏的山丘和草原形成鲜明对比。岩石和土壤的构造如同异世界的科幻景观——圆顶、扭曲的峡谷和不同颜色条纹的倾斜墙壁。

公园还拥有美国最大的受保护混合草草原。北美最濒危的陆地哺乳动物黑足雪貂已被重新引入到占地64,000英亩(26,000 公顷)的恶地荒野保护区。公园还拥有世界上最丰富的渐新世化石床,可追溯到约2000万至3500万年前。

了解

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恶地夏末景象

公园分为两部分(位于贯穿公园最狭窄处的44号州道两侧)

  • 北区,这是最受欢迎的区域,拥有大多数交通便利的景点。
  • 南区(也称为要塞区),这是松岭印第安保留地上大部分没有道路的腹地,与奥格拉拉拉科塔苏族部落共同管理。

自然历史

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大约6000万年前,在落基山脉年轻时期,大量的溪流将侵蚀的土壤、岩石和其他物质从山脉向东搬运。这些物质被沉积在今天称为大平原的广阔低地。茂密的植被在这些低地生长,然后落入沼泽,之后被新的沉积层掩埋。数百万年后,这些植物物质变成了褐煤。一些植物变成了石化,我们可以在恶地找到大量的暴露的石化木材。随着沉积物的持续堆积,更多的溪流切割软岩层,雕刻出今天我们在恶地看到的各种台地、石柱、岩石构造、尖峰和山谷。

人类历史

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在一万一千年的时间里,人类一直利用该地区进行狩猎。他们猎杀野牛、兔子和其他动物。

1840年代之后,化石猎人抵达。从皮埃尔堡前往拉勒米堡的毛皮商人收集了化石。其中一个化石最终发表在美国科学杂志上。几十年内,新的物种不断被发现。

19世纪末,拓荒者抵达,美国政府将原住民赶出了他们的土地。这最终导致了伤膝河大屠杀,该地位于松岭印第安保留地,距离公园约45英里(72 公里)

20世纪30年代的沙尘暴迫使许多拓荒者迁往别处。有些至今仍在此地居住。

美国空军占用了松岭印第安保留地超过340,000英亩(140,000 公顷),以及当时的恶地国家纪念碑约340英亩(140 公顷),并于1942年至1945年间将其广泛用作炮击靶场。这里现在是公园的要塞区,并与奥格拉拉拉科塔苏族部落共同管理。该地区仍有未爆炸的弹药。

动植物

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野牛

虽然恶地地形可能显得贫瘠,但这里有着多种多样的野生动植物。最少的年降水量滋养着恶地的草和野花。鲜艳的花朵色彩增添了土地的灰色、棕色、红色、赭色和绿色。野生动物包括近两百种鸟类,(骡鹿和白尾鹿)鹿,草原犬,叉角羚,大角羊和野牛。公园内的其他哺乳动物包括蝙蝠、兔子和郊狼。公园已将北美最濒危的陆地哺乳动物黑足雪貂重新引入到鼠溪荒野地区。爬行动物和两栖动物包括青蛙、蟾蜍和蛇。

外来植物物种

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定居者通过有意或无意的方式带来了数十种外来植物。公园正积极致力于清除外来植物,并将草原恢复到原始状态。

气候

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公园风很大。夏季炎热,冬季寒冷。

冬季始于11月,尽管10月下旬可能出现暴风雪。最高温度约40°F(4.4°C),最低温度低于0°F(-18°C),强风会造成更低的风寒效应。很可能下雪,并可能发生暴风雪。

三月是艰难的月份。温度可能在几个小时内剧烈波动。仍然可能发生暴风雪,也可能出现60°F(15.5°C)的天气。

春季始于四月。随着积雪融化和四月的降雨,公园会变得非常湿滑。未铺砌的道路可能难以通行甚至无法通行,小径可能湿滑且不舒服。夜间气温通常低于冰点。公园大部分降雨发生在四月至六月之间。阵雨可能短暂,也可能持续数天。

七月炎热干燥。白天温度可能超过90°F(32°C)。

八月是最热的月份,温度可能突破100°F(38°C)。晚上气温约75°F(24°C)。

九月,气温在本月下半月开始下降。

十月天气凉爽得多,尽管有几天温度可能超过80°F(27°C)。

地质

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恶地是由水和风侵蚀形成的,每年侵蚀约一英寸(2.54厘米)。大约五百万年前,陆地抬升并触发了侵蚀过程,形成了恶地。

古生物学

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公园内发现的化石可追溯到哺乳动物时代,包括现代犀牛、马、狗等的祖先。公园内也发现了海洋贝壳和龟壳的化石。公园内没有恐龙化石。

大约3000万年前,该地区气候温暖湿润。许多哺乳动物在该地区游荡,在洪水后死亡并迅速被沉积物掩埋,从而提供了大量的脊椎动物化石。

根据联邦法律,禁止挖掘和/或移动地面上的化石或文物。 违规者将面临巨额罚款,甚至可能被判入狱。

游客信息

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狗和其他宠物允许进入公园,但仅限于露营地、停车场和道路沿线等开发区域。必须使用牵引绳,且长度不得超过6英尺(1.8米)。不允许宠物进入徒步小径。狗和其他宠物不允许进入恶地荒野保护区。

根据联邦法律,禁止挖掘和/或移动地面上的化石或文物。 违规者将面临巨额罚款,甚至可能被判入狱。如果您发现任何化石或文物,请记下所有细节,然后到Cedar Pass Contact Station进行报告。

公园维护草原生态系统的目标需要使用火。然而,游客不应在公园内任何地方生火。

抵达

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公园距离拉皮德城50英里(80 公里),这是几小时车程内唯一的城市。

乘汽车

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90号州际公路穿过公园北部。

  • 131号出口(内陆)通往 东北入口.
  • 110号出口(沃勒)通往 尖峰入口.

44号州道穿过公园南部,通往 内陆入口.

从拉皮德城出发,两条路线到公园东部的游客中心车程时间差不多,但90号州际公路可以更好地通往尖峰入口。

乘飞机

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拉皮德城地区机场RAP IATA)有五家航空公司提供直飞明尼阿波利斯丹佛芝加哥菲尼克斯拉斯维加斯盐湖城的航班。还有季节性直飞夏洛特奥兰多的航班。现场提供汽车租赁服务。

乘巴士

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灰狗巴士服务拉皮德城。

费用和许可证

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2020年起,入园费用如下:

  • $15 个人(徒步、骑自行车等)
  • $25 摩托车
  • $30 私家车
  • $50 商用面包车,7至15人座位
  • $60 商用小型巴士,16至25人座位
  • $150 商用大型巴士,26人及以上座位

奥格拉拉拉科塔苏族成员可以半价购买7日通行证。

Caution 注意: 2025年10月1日,美国进入了无限期的联邦政府停运。国家公园管理局的景点可能会有有限服务,甚至可能完全关闭。国家公园是联邦机构,由联邦雇员管理,在国会解决政治僵局之前不会获得任何资金或工资。过去,公园曾关闭长达35天。请在其网站上确认该公园的状况,并准备好制定替代计划。
(最后更新于2025年10月1日)

《美国 the Beautiful Pass》(也称为《联营通行证》)允许进入恶地国家公园和所有国家公园,以及一些国家纪念碑、国家野生动物保护区和国家森林。 一张通行证适用于同一辆私家车内的整个团体,或最多四名步行或骑自行车的个人。有几种类型的通行证可供选择。

  • 年票(有效期为自签发之日起十二个月)任何人都可以购买。正常价格80美元,62岁及以上的美国公民或永久居民20美元,现役军人免费(必须出示通用接入卡(CAC)或军人身份证)。
  • 终身通行证(终身有效)提供给62岁及以上的美国公民或永久居民,价格为80美元;退伍军人和阵亡将士家属(在行动中牺牲的军人家属)免费。申请人必须提供证明其资格的文件。此通行证还提供部分公园设施50%的折扣。
  • 通行证(终身有效)免费提供给有永久性残疾的美国公民或永久居民。申请人必须提供公民身份和永久残疾的证明。此通行证还提供部分公园设施50%的折扣。
  • 志愿者通行证免费提供给在参与跨机构通行证计划的联邦机构志愿服务250小时及以上的个人。
  • 免费的四年级年度通行证(有效期为四年级学年的9月至次年8月)允许持证人及随行乘客乘坐非商业私人车辆进入。需要注册Every Kid Outdoors网站。

国家公园管理局每年提供五天免费入园

  • 马丁·路德·金纪念日(1月的第三个星期一);下一次是2026年1月 15日
  • 国家公园周的第一天(4月的第三个星期六);下一次是2026年4月 18日
  • 国家公园局生日(8月 25日)
  • 国家公共土地日(9月的第四个星期六);下一次是2025年9月 27日
  • 退伍军人节(11月 11日)

四处逛逛

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Map
恶地国家公园地图

乘汽车

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恶地环线公路,也指定为240号州道,是一条长27 英里(43 公里)的风景优美的车道,连接着公园内的大部分景点。它是公园内唯一的铺装道路。除非另有规定,限速为45 英里/小时(72 公里/小时)

鼠溪岭路是一条未铺砌(但维护良好)的道路,通往尖峰入口以西的几个观景点。

靠边让行给更快的车辆,但仅限于有足够空间的地方。不要将车停在草地上。

骑自行车

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自行车仅允许在公园内指定的道路(铺装、砂石和土路)上骑行。禁止越野骑行、在偏远地区骑行或在徒步小径上骑行。Cedar Pass Lodge和一些小径起点设有自行车架。

请记住携带足够的水,穿着合适的衣物并做好防晒。务必查看路况,特别是砂石路和土路。

骑马

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鼠溪露营地的一部分指定用于马匹。但是,没有适合人类饮用的水源,而且不习惯恶地水源的马匹很可能不会喝水。每人每天需携带一加仑水,每匹马每天需携带五加仑水。饲料必须是颗粒或无杂草的干草;请联系公园工作人员了解详情。设有马桩,不允许马匹自由奔跑。为防止过度放牧,应经常移动拴马桩。最长停留时间为十四晚。没有马道。

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北区

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Ben Reifel游客中心
  • Ben Reifel游客中心, 25216 Ben Reifel Rd, Interior (距I-90 131号出口以南9英里(14 公里)), +1 605 433-5361. 夏季(5月-9月)8AM-5PM,冬季(10月-4月)9AM-4PM,感恩节、圣诞节、新年除外,每日开放. 北区的设施,有关于野生动物、地质和古生物学的展品。恶地自然历史协会经营一家商店,出售教育材料。提供巴士和房车停车场。 OSM方向 Apple Maps方向 (beta) Google Maps方向
  • 恶地环线公路风景大道. 长达27 英里(43 公里)的恶地环线公路沿途有许多带停车场的观景点。道路本身并非真正的环线;您可以从任一入口单向行驶,或与I-90或SR-44组成环线。部分观景点设有卫生间。悠闲地驾车并参观每个观景台大约需要2小时。
黄土
  • Sage Creek Rim Road Scenic Drive. This 7 mi (11 km) unpaved (but well-maintained) road heads west from the Pinnacles Entrance, for an option to extend your loop. Allow about 30 minutes.

South Unit

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  • White River Visitor Center, 2734 BIA 2, Porcupine (30 miles (48 km) south of Scenic in the Pine Ridge Reservation), +1 605 455-2878. Daily May-Sep 9AM–4PM, closed in winter. The main facility in the South Unit, with an information desk, movie, exhibits, restrooms, picnic areas, and water. The center also has information about the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, on which it is located. OSM directions Apple Maps directions (beta) Google Maps directions
  • Red Shirt Table Overlook, BIA 41 (South of Red Shirt on the Pine Ridge Reservation, about 30 miles (48 km) outside of Hermosa). Provides a great view and hike for those who wish to see the Stronghold Unit of the Badlands, which may be ideal for those staying in the Black Hills or Custer State Park who may not be able to travel through the official loop. OSM directions Apple Maps directions (beta) Google Maps directions

活动

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徒步

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The North Unit features eight established trails, with trailheads along the Badlands Loop Road.

Six of them are less than 1.25 mi (2.01 km) each, making them easy to combine with the scenic overlooks for a full day of exploration.

  • Cliff Shelf Nature Trail. Moderate 0.9 mi (1.4 km) loop. This trail provides spectacular views of the White River Valley. It includes some boardwalk and stairs and climbs approximately 200 feet (61 meters). The parking lot cannot accommodate long vehicles or vehicles towing trailers. OSM directions Apple Maps directions (beta) Google Maps directions
Door Trail, beyond "The Door"
  • Door Trail. Easy 0.75 mi (1.21 km) round trip. The first 150 yd (140 m) is accessible boardwalk. This trail focuses on geology. The trail goes through a break in the Badlands Wall called "The Door". OSM directions Apple Maps directions (beta) Google Maps directions
  • Fossil Exhibit Trail. Easy 0.3 mi (0.48 km) loop. This trail is fully accessible. The trail includes exhibits of now extinct creatures that once roamed the area. During the summer, presentations by park naturalists are offered. OSM directions Apple Maps directions (beta) Google Maps directions
  • Notch Trail. Moderate to strenuous 1.5 mi (2.4 km) round trip. This trail climbs up a ladder and through a slot canyon to a wonderful view of the White River Valley and Pine Ridge Reservation. This trail is not recommended for those with a fear of heights, and can be very dangerous just after rains. Sturdy hiking boots and plenty of sun protection (hat, sunscreen, sunglasses) are recommended. OSM directions Apple Maps directions (beta) Google Maps directions
  • Saddle Pass Trail. Strenuous 0.3 mi (0.48 km) and very steep, it connects Castle Trail and Medicine Root Loop to the Badlands Loop Road. The trail is impassable after rain. OSM directions Apple Maps directions (beta) Google Maps directions
  • Window Trail. Easy 0.25 mi (0.40 km) round trip. This trail is accessible to athletic wheelchair users or with assistance. This trail goes to a natural "window" in the Badlands Wall. OSM directions Apple Maps directions (beta) Google Maps directions

Two longer interconnecting trails create a small network of hike options.

  • Medicine Loop Trail. Moderate 4 mi (6.4 km). Here the mixed grass prairie combines with long distance views of the Badlands. Be on the lookout for prickly pear cacti.
  • Castle Trail. Moderate 10 mi (16 km) round trip. This is the longest trail in the park. The trail is mostly level and winds through some formations. The Medicine Root Trail makes a loop within the Castle Trail from any connecting trailhead.

Open Hike Policy

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The terrain is steep and loose in places.

Unlike many other National Parks that tightly control off-trail travel, at Badlands you are allowed to hike off-trail anywhere in the park that you can visit safely, including the informal social trails leading up to interesting formations. The rate of erosion in the park is so fast that the impact from a respectful hiker will wash away with the next rainstorm.

The Open Hike Policy also means that you are free to walk off a cliff, unencumbered by the fences and signage you may be accustomed to. Hike at your own risk.

Ranger talks

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Several ranger talks are offered throughout the day at various locations. The schedule changes frequently; inquire at a visitor center.

There is an amphitheater in the Cedar Pass Campground, near the Ben Reifel Visitor Center. In the summer months, park rangers give a 40-minute presentation on an aspect of the park.

购物

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Ben Reifel Visitor Center and Cedar Pass Lodge both have large gift shops with a variety of handmade gifts and crafts, apparel, and sourvenirs. Convenience food and snack items are also available.

If you need more shopping options, head to Wall.

餐饮

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  • Cedar Pass Lodge Restaurant. Open daily from mid April to mid October—Summer Season Hours: 7AM-8:30PM; Fall Season Hours: 8AM- 4:30PM. The restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Enjoy a view from your table of the badlands. The restaurant is AAA approved and buses are welcome.

野餐区

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There are picnic areas at Big Foot Pass Overlook, on Conata Road, and both visitor centers. Picnic tables are also located near the Cedar Pass Campground.

No water is available and fires are strictly prohibited.

饮品

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Water is available at the visitor centers and in the campground April 15 - October 15, weather dependent.

住宿

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住宿

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  • Cedar Pass Lodge, 20681 South Dakota Highway 240, Interior, +1 605 433-5460, toll-free: +1 855 765-0737. Mid-April through mid-October. The only overnight lodging within Badlands NP. Reservations can be made in advance and are recommended. The 26 cabin units are Eco friendly and are equipped with custom, regionally made pine furniture, Energy Star refrigerator, microwave, coffee maker, on demand hot water, flat screen TV, ceiling fan, and AC/heat. OSM directions Apple Maps directions (beta) Google Maps directions

There are hotels just south of the park in Interior and further north in Wall.

露营

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There are two campgrounds within the park.

View from Cedar Pass Campground
  • Cedar Pass Campground (near Ben Reifel Visitor Center). 96 level sites with scenic views of the badlands formations. This campground offers flush toilets and coin operated showers in the summertime. $23 Tent, $38 RV Sites, $40 Group Campsites (2020 rates). OSM directions Apple Maps directions (beta) Google Maps directions
  • Sage Creek Campground (off State Highway 377). A free primitive campground, and all sites are first-come, first-served. Pit toilets. The campground rarely fills to capacity. Free. OSM directions Apple Maps directions (beta) Google Maps directions

野外露营

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Backpackers can camp anywhere in the park that is at least one half mile from the road. Open fires are not permitted within the park. All backpackers are urged to stop at the Ben Reifel Visitor Center, to better plan your trip and to alert the Park Service rangers to your presence.

注意安全

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  • Weather. Temperatures can exceed 100°F (38°C) in the summer, while winter temperatures can dip below 0°F (-18°C). Temperatures fluctuate through the day, sometimes widely. Thunderstorms and blizzards can come up suddenly. Rain makes many routes in the park impassible.
  • Wildlife. The animals in the park are less of a threat to visitors who pay them the proper respect. However, ending up on the wrong end of a bison can mean a hospital stay or death for the park visitor. Visitors should also be wary of the venomous (but seldom deadly) prairie rattlesnakes.
  • Prickly pear cactus. These small cacti hide in the prairie grass. Wear shoes with thick soles and watch your step. If their flowers are blooming, they are easier to spot.
  • Water. There is no potable water in the park except at the visitor centers. Boiling, filtering, or treating with chemicals does not make the water drinkable.
See also: Hot weather, Dangerous animals

Hiking and activities

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  • Exposure. Carry plenty of water (1 gallon per person per day), a hat, appropriate sunscreen, and sunglasses. Also consider that the park can be very windy.
  • Getting lost. The vast areas of the park off the established trails can become very confusing. Good map reading and land navigation skills required.
  • Unexploded ordnance. The Stronghold unit has any number of unexploded bombs and shells left over from the 1940s when the United States Air Force used the land as a gunnery range. When exploring the area keep an eye out. Do not touch any unexploded ordnance. Note the location and notify park rangers as soon as possible.

下一站

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Nearby towns and attractions

  • Interior, 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the park on Highway 44. Services and facilities include a post office, grocery store, gas stations, and auto service year round.
  • Wall, 30 mi (48 km) northwest of park headquarters. Motels, banking, pharmacy, medical clinic, gas, restaurants, and most services are available, especially the famous Wall Drug store.
  • Rapid City, 75 miles (121 km) west of the park headquarters.
  • Minuteman Missile National Historic Site. This ICBM site could rain down nuclear devastation six thousand miles away in 30 minutes. Guided tours of launch control are available.

The Black Hills to the west feature a variety of popular sights and destinations

There are other badlands areas elsewhere in the US and in Canada.


This park travel guide to Badlands National Park is a usable article. It has information about the park, for getting in, about a few attractions, and about accommodations in the park. An adventurous person could use this article, but please feel free to improve it by editing the page.
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