Chittorgarh,也拼写为Chittaurgarh,位于拉贾斯坦邦南部,坐落在Beras河畔,是Beras河的一条支流,也是Chittorgharh区的行政总部。它距离乌代浦112 公里,距离阿杰梅尔182 公里。这座城市曾长期作为梅瓦尔(Mewar) Rajput家族的Sisodia氏族的首府。该地区因其宏伟的堡垒而成为著名的旅游目的地,据说它是所有 Rajput 堡垒中最大的,并且曾见证了Padmini女王的jauhar之举的传奇故事,这吸引了许多历史学家和旅行者。
了解
[]历史
[]历史上,Chittorgarh堡垒由Maurayans于公元7世纪建造。有些说法称,在Mewar王国创始人Bappa Rawal于公元734年夺取Chittorgarh(Chittor Fort)并将其作为首府时,Mori王朝就占有该堡垒。另一些说法则称Bappa Rawal在与最后一位Solanki公主的婚姻中作为嫁妆获得了该堡垒。
第一次袭击发生在公元1303年,由Alauddin Khilji发动,他对Padmini的美貌一见钟情,尽管他只听说过。Padmini女王宁愿死也不愿被绑架和羞辱,她与堡垒中所有其他妇女一起投火自尽(jauhar)。所有男子都身穿藏红花长袍离开堡垒,与敌人殊死搏斗。Chittorgarh于公元1303年被德里苏丹Alauddin Khilji率领的庞大军队攻占。当时,老年人负责抚养孩子。1326年,它被同一Gehlot氏族的后裔Hammir Singh夺回。他所创立的王朝(和氏族)后来以他出生的村庄命名为Sisodia。
到16世纪,Mewar已成为Rajput邦中的领导者。Mewar的Rana Sanga带领联合的Rajput军队对抗莫卧儿皇帝Babur,但在1527年的Khanua战役中战败。1535年,古吉拉特苏丹Bahadur Shah围攻该堡垒,造成了巨大的伤亡。据说,就像1303年Padmini领导的jauhar一样,当时居住在堡垒中的32,000名男子再次身穿殉道的藏红花长袍,骑马迎向必死的战争,他们的女眷则在Karnawati女王的带领下进行了jauhar。在莫卧儿皇帝Akbar于1568年攻占Chittorgarh之后,为自由而献身的最终牺牲,jauhar再次上演了第三次。
Chittorgarh还因与印度两位广为人知的历史人物有关而闻名。第一位是Meera Bai,她是最著名的印度精神女诗人,她的作品至今在印度北部仍然广受欢迎。她的诗歌遵循Bhakti传统,她被认为是Krishna神最热情的崇拜者。
Chittorgarh仍然充满了历史的渊源,在Rajput人的心中占有非常特殊的地位,因为它是在其他所有据点都屈服于入侵的时候,该氏族的一个堡垒。Chittorgarh的堡垒和城市也举办最大的Rajput节日“Jauhar Mela”。它每年在一个jauhar的周年纪念日举行(尽管不是最著名的Padmini的那个)。这个节日是为了纪念他们Rajput祖先的英勇以及发生在Chittorgarh的所有三次jauhar。大量的Rajput人,包括大多数王公家族的后裔,都会举行游行来庆祝jauhar。
气候
[]Chittorgarh的气候非常干燥。夏季从4月到6月,天气非常炎热。夏季的平均温度在43.8°C至23.8°C之间。冬季从10月到次年2月。Chittorgarh冬季的天气相当凉爽。平均温度在28.37°C至11.6°C之间。季风季节在6月至8月。
至于Chittorgarh,拉贾斯坦邦季风季节的气候条件,降雨量很小,平均约为60 厘米至80 厘米。游览Chittorgarh的最佳时间是9月至次年3月。
抵达
[]乘飞机
[]最近的机场是位于乌代浦的Maharana Pratap机场(UDR IATA),距离Chittorgarh约90 公里。
乘火车
[]Chittorgarh通过铁路与拉贾斯坦邦及印度的其他城市和城镇连接良好。Chittorgarh火车站连接Chittorgarh与艾哈迈达巴德(Ahmedabad)、斋浦尔(Jaipur)、阿杰梅尔(Ajmer)、科塔(Kota)、乌代浦(Udaipur)和德里(Delhi)等城市。此外,您还可以选择乘坐Palace on Wheels豪华列车出行。
公路
[]已完工的黄金四边形高速公路系统将经过Chittorgarh,连接印度其他大部分地区。东西走廊(Express Highway)也将穿过。Chittorgarh位于国道76号和79号线上,这两条国道在Chittorgarh交汇。
Rajasthan roadways (RSRTC) 提供前往Chittorgarh周边地区游览的优质服务。Chittorgarh有许多私人巴士服务,连接印度所有主要城市。有从Chittorgarh到其他拉贾斯坦邦和印度城市的定期巴士服务。巴士服务开往德里(Delhi)、阿布山(Mount Abu)、斋浦尔(Jaipur)、印多尔(Indore)和阿杰梅尔(Ajmer)。
四处逛逛
[]该地区的大部分地区,特别是Chittorgarh堡垒,都适合休闲探索和徒步旅行。
骑自行车
[]租一辆自行车探索宏伟的堡垒。爬上堡垒相当艰难,但一旦到达顶部,大部分地方都是平坦的。你可以爬到这座塔的顶端,从那里可以俯瞰绝佳的景色。
乘坐三轮摩托车
[]或者,乘坐三轮车游览,费用约为125-150卢比,包括等待时间。您应该提前确定等待时间。可以在旅游局安排乘三轮车游览堡垒。
看
[]许多历史遗迹都已成为废墟,位于堡垒建筑群内。参观所有景点大约需要3小时。如果您计划在此地区进行一整天的游览,早晨参观堡垒,然后游览附近的一些景点是一个不错的行程安排。
Chittorgarh Fort
[]
这座堡垒(门票:印度国民40卢比,外国游客600卢比),简称Chittor,曾是Mewar的首府,今天位于Bhilwara以南几公里的地方。如今,它是拉贾斯坦邦的众多山地堡垒之一,被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。它雄伟地坐落在一座高180 米(591 英尺)的山丘上,占地280公顷(692英亩),俯瞰着Beras河冲刷的山谷平原。一条长约1 公里(0.6 英里)的蜿蜒山路从新城区通往堡垒西侧的主入口,称为Ram Pol。
堡垒内有一条环形道路,可通往堡垒内的所有城门和古迹。这座曾经拥有84个水体的堡垒,现在只剩下22个。这些水体由自然集水区和雨水补充,总蓄水量为40亿升,足以满足5万军队的用水需求。供应可以持续四年。这些水体以池塘、水井和阶梯井的形式存在。
堡垒有七个城门(当地语言称“Pol”),分别是Padan Pol、Bhairon Pol、Hanuman Pol、Ganesh Pol、Jodla Pol、Laxman Pol和主入口Ram Pol(Lord Rama Gate)。通往堡垒的所有城门都是用巨大的石块建造的,并设有坚固的防御工事。带有尖拱的城门配有加固装置,可抵御大象和炮弹的冲击。城门顶部设有凹口的女墙,供弓箭手射击敌军。堡垒内的环形道路连接所有城门,并可通往堡垒内众多的古迹(废弃的宫殿和130座寺庙)。
Chittorgarh堡垒是一个广阔的空间,游客可以将其划分为不同的区域来游览。


- Kirti Stambha (Tower of Fame). Kirti Stambha ("Fame Tower") is a 22 m (72 ft) high tower built on a 9.1 m (30 ft) base with 4.6 ft (1.4 m) at the top, is adorned with Jain sculptures on the outside and is older (probably 12th century) and smaller than the Victory Tower. Built by a Bagherwal Jain merchant Jijaji Rathod, it is dedicated to Adinath, the first Jain tirthankar (revered Jain teacher). In the lowest floor of the tower, naked figures of the various tirthankars of the Jain pantheon are seen in special niches formed to house them. A narrow stairway with 54 steps leads through the six stories to the top. The top pavilion that was added in the 15th century has 12 columns.

- Meera Temple (Mirabai Temple). Built by Maharana Kumbha in 1449, this lord Vishnu Temple has beautiful idols in its sanctum, mendap and pillars. In the same premises, there is a small temple of Lord Krishna. Entry Free.

- Padmini's Palace (Queen's Palace). This palace, a white building, a three storied structure (a 19th century reconstruction of the original), is located in the southern part of the fort. Chhatris (pavilions) crown the palace roofs and a water moat surrounds the palace. This style of palace became the forerunner of other palaces built in the state with the concept of Jal Mahal (palace surrounded by water). It is at this Palace where Alauddin was permitted to glimpse at the mirror image of Rani Padmini, wife of Maharana Rattan Singh. It is widely believed that this glimpse of Padmini's beauty besotted him and convinced him to destroy Chittor in order to possess her. Maharana Rattan Singh was killed and Rani Padmini committed Jauhar. Rani Padmini's beauty is compared to that of Cleopatra and her life story is an eternal legend in the history of Chittor, in particular and of the Mewar state in general. Entry Free.

- Rana Kumbha's Palace. At the entrance gate near the Vijaya Stamba, Rana Kumbha's palace (in ruins), the oldest monument, is located. The palace included elephant and horse stables and a temple to Lord Shiva. Maharana Udai Singh, the founder of Udaipur, was born here; the popular folk lore linked to his birth is that his maid Panna Dhay saved him by substituting her son in his place as a decoy, which resulted in her son getting killed by Banbir. The prince was spirited away in a fruit basket. The palace is built with plastered stone. The remarkable feature of the palace is its splendid series of canopied balconies. Entry to the palace is through Suraj Pol that leads into a courtyard. Rani Meera, the famous poetess saint, also lived in this palace. This is also the palace where Rani Padmini, consigned herself to the funeral pyre in one of the underground cellars, as an act of jauhar along with many the other women. The Nau Lakha Bandar (literal meaning: nine lakh [900 000] treasury) building, the royal treasury of Chittor was also located close by. Now, across from the palace is a museum and archeological office. The Singa Chowri temple is also nearby. [Admission Fee: ₹2 for Indians, ₹50 for foreign tourists. Camera: ₹50 extra].

- Vijay Stambha (Victory Tower, Vijaya Stambha or Jay Stamba). The tower is called the symbol of Chittor and a particularly bold expression of triumph, was erected by Rana Khumba between 1458 and 1468 to commemorate his victory over Mahmud Shah I Khalji, the Sultan of Malwa, in 1440 AD.
Built over a period of ten years, it raises 37.2 m (122 ft) over a 4.4 m² (47 ft²) base in nine stories accessed through a narrow circular staircase of 157 steps (the interior is also carved) up to the 8th floor, from where there is good view of the plains and the new town of Chittor. The dome, which was a later addition, was damaged by lightning and repaired during the 19th century. The Stamba is now illuminated during the evenings and gives a beautiful view. Free Entry for Indians. For foreign tourist charged ₹50.
其他景点
[]- Fateh Prakash Palace (Open daily except Friday (10AM to 4.30PM)). Built by Maharana Fateh Singh, this huge palace is of modern style. This place has been named Fateh Prakesh after Maharana Fateh Singh. There is a big Ganesh idol, a fountain, and different frescoes which are to be seen to be believed. This palace, now a museum, has a rich collection of sculptures from temples and buildings in the Fort. Admission Fee: ₹2/- Photograph prohibited.

- Gaumukh Reservoir (Gau Mukh Kund). A deep tank filled by a spring coming from a 'cow mouth', situated at the edge of the cliff. It is considered to be sacred where you can feed the fishes.

- 耆那教寺庙. There are six Jain temples on the fort of Chittor. The largest and chief among them is the temple of Bhagawan Adinatha with fifty-two devkulikas. The place of this temple is known as ‘Sattavish devri’. It means that at some time in the past, there were twenty-seven temples here. The Digamabar Jain Kirtistambh and seven-storied Kirtistambh are two among them. The seven-storied Kirtistambh was built in the fourteenth century in memories of Bhagawan Adinatha
- Kalika Mata Temple. Across from Padmini’s palace is the Kalika Mata Temple, Chittorgarh Fort. A Sun temple dated to the 8th century dedicated to Surya -the sun-god, was destroyed in the 14th century. It was rebuilt as a Kali temple.

- Tulja Bhavani Temple. on the west side of the fort is the ancient Tulja Bhavani temple built to worship goddess Tulja, considered sacred. The tope khana (cannon foundry) is located next to this temple in a courtyard, where a few old cannons are still seen.
远足
[]Chittorgarh周边的一些热门目的地,会让您的Chittorgarh之行更加精彩。租一辆车或从旅行社购买行程,探索Chittorgarh的郊区。
- Barolo (距Chittorgarh 140 公里) - 这个城镇值得一游,因为这里有一组古代寺庙,特别是著名的Babaroli寺庙的遗址。
- Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary (距Chittorgarh 25 公里) - 这个野生动物保护区占地50平方公里,靠近Bassi村,栖息着豹子、野猪、羚羊和猫鼬。候鸟也会光顾该保护区。要进入保护区,需提前获得Chittorgarh地区森林官员的许可。
- Bijolia (距Chittorgarh以东50 公里) - 该地有三座古代印度中部风格的寺庙。Undeswara寺庙的内殿有yoni和linga,还有一些精美的雕刻。
- Deogarh (距Chittorgarh 125 公里) - 这座16世纪的堡垒靠近Pratapgarh,以其宫殿、壁画和耆那教寺庙而闻名。
- Menal (距Chittorgarh 90 公里) - 其中一个发掘区域由一组保存完好的12世纪寺庙组成。
- Nagri (距Chittorgarh 20 公里) - 摩里亚王朝时期最重要的城镇之一,坐落在Bairach河畔。这个在摩里亚和笈多时期繁荣的城镇,现在有已发掘的遗迹。
- Sanwariyaji Temple (距Chittorgarh 40 公里) - 这座寺庙供奉Krishna神,位于Chittorgarh-Udaipur高速公路上。这不是一个非常古老的建筑,是一个重要的印度教朝圣中心。
活动
[]Chittorgarh的主要旅游景点是Chittogarh堡垒,它坐落在一座陡峭的山丘上,毗邻主城镇。Jaimal和Kalla的chhatris(纪念碑)标志着他们在1586年围攻期间保卫堡垒而牺牲的地点,这展现了Rajput的英勇。Rana Kumbha宫是一个重要地点,人们相信Padmini女王曾在其地下室之一进行jauhar。考古博物馆、Singa Chowri寺和Rana Kumbha宫旁的Fateh Prakash宫及博物馆都值得参观。胜利塔或Vijay Stambh是堡垒的主要旅游景点之一。Fame Tower或Kirti Stambh是另一个重要的古迹。它建于12世纪,供奉第一位耆那教Tirthankara(精神领袖)Adinath。
为了感受Rani Padmavati的存在,漫步在Padmini宫的大理石画廊,您还可以欣赏宫殿内池塘清澈水面上的倒影。
集市和节日
[]Jauhar Mela [年度集市。2月-3月]: Chittorgarh的堡垒和城市举办最大的Rajput节日,称为“Jauhar Mela”。它每年在一个jauhar的周年纪念日举行,但没有具体命名。人们普遍认为它纪念Padmini最著名的jauhar。这个节日主要是为了纪念Rajput祖先的英勇以及发生在Chittorgarh堡垒的所有三次jauhar。大量的Rajput人,包括大多数王公家族的后裔,都会举行游行来庆祝jauhar。它也成为表达对当前国家政治局势看法的论坛。
购物
[]Chittorgarh有许多集市,出售各种商品,包括金属制品、布料、Thewa珠宝、皮鞋和手工玩具。Thewa珠宝由金饰制成,然后嵌入玻璃中。一些最好的购物地点包括Sadar Bazaar、Rana Sanga Market、New Cloth Market、Fort Road Market、Gandhi Chowk和Station Circle。Akola印花布由植物染料制成,是主要的吸引物之一,并且仅在印度某些地区有售。
餐饮
[]有很多路边当地餐馆可供选择。一些最受欢迎的用餐地点是
- Bassi Fort Palace, ☏ +91 1472 225 321. 提供paranthas、素食和地方菜肴。
- Castle Bijaipur, Bassi District, ☏ +91 94141 11510. 池畔餐厅提供传统的拉贾斯坦美食。
- Hotel Meera, Scheme No. 7, Neemuch Road (Near Railway Station), ☏ +91 1472 240 466. 提供印度和莫卧儿菜肴。

- Hotel Padmini, River View, Near Sainik School, Bhilwara Road, ☏ +91 1472 241 712. 提供纯素食餐。
- Pratap Palace, Bijaipur House, Near H.P.O, ☏ +91 1472 240 099. 提供西餐、印度菜和中国菜以及当地菜肴(dal-baati-choorma和Lal Mas)。
饮品
[]镇上的酒吧大多属于高端酒店。游客可以前往这些酒吧享受夜晚时光。
住宿
[]经济型
[]- Bhagwati Hotel, 甘比里河路 (靠近巴士站).

- 切塔克酒店, NH 79,普拉塔普纳加尔 (奇托尔加尔火车站对面,奇托尔加尔), ☏ +91 1472 241588.

- 高拉夫宫酒店, 第1区,甘地纳加尔,阿普萨拉电影院附近 (距离巴士站500米). ₹300-400.

- Natraj Hotel (巴士站附近), ☏ +91 1472 241009.
- Rituraj Vatika & Restaurant ( कलेक्टर办公室附近), ☏ +91 1472 241 450, +91 1472 240 850.

- 沙利马尔酒店(Shalimar Hotel) (火车站附近), ☏ +91 1472 240842, +91 1472 241 426.
中档
[]- 帕德米尼酒店, 比尔瓦拉路 ( सैनिक学校附近), ☏ +91 1472 241 712. 一个不错且风景优美的位置,坐落在河边,并享有城堡的全景。 ₹2,000-9,000.

- Shree Ji 酒店 (距离火车站300米), ☏ +91 1472 - 249131, +91 1472 240431. 酒店共有31间带独立浴室的房间,全部空调,开放式阳台。一家提供餐厅的素食酒店。

- RTDC Panna酒店, 乌代布尔路,普拉塔普纳加尔 (距离火车站700米), ☏ +91 1472 241238. 酒店就像标准酒店一样。空调、房间取暖器、客房服务、餐厅和乐于助人的员工。 ₹1,000-1400.

奢侈
[]- 巴西城堡宫殿, 巴西村 P.O. (在科塔-布尔迪-奇托尔加尔-乌代布尔路上的巴西以东24公里处), ☏ +91 1472 225 321. 一家由“欢迎集团”拥有的遗产酒店,拥有16间设备齐全的客房和套房。酒店也是许多历史事迹和文物的宝库。 ₹3,000-6,000(含税).

- 比贾普尔城堡, 比贾普尔村 (位于温迪亚山脉,向东34公里), ☏ +91 1472 276351. 平静而宁静。在大自然中放松身心的绝佳场所。 ₹4,000-5,000.

注意安全
[]奇托尔加尔的酷热可能令人难以忍受,需要足够的防晒措施,如太阳镜和帽子。对于皮肤娇嫩的人来说,带上防晒霜以避免晒伤也是明智的。攀登奇托尔加尔堡时,请穿一双结实的鞋子,以免受伤和扭伤脚踝。
堡垒里的猴子通常不会伤人,但请始终保持安全距离,因为它们是不可预测的生物。此外,在树下休息时要小心,因为坐在上面的猴子可能会把排泄物掉在你身上!
这座堡垒非常巨大,租用自行车可以确保您探索该地区不会那么劳累。在堡垒里可能会迷路,所以请确保您结伴同行,并请当地向导。
应对
[]医院
[]- Janani Hospital
- Mp Birla Hospital
- Maa Gayatri Hospital
- Mewar Orthopedic Hospital
- Sawaliyaji Govt. Hospital
- Pearl Hospital And Research Center, PHRC
- Rajasthan Hospital
- Mewar Hospital
- Dr Khabya Heart Care Hospital
下一站
[]- 阿杰梅尔 - 一个古老的城镇,距离奇托尔加尔191公里,因卡瓦贾·阿杰梅尔·谢里夫的圣地和普什卡湖畔唯一的梵天神庙而受到精神和宗教教派的崇拜。
- 比尔瓦拉 - 梅瓦尔地区的首府,距离奇托尔加尔58公里。该市有一些精美的尼奥利时代神庙,装饰有那加式建筑风格。
- 布尔迪 - 一个古老的城镇,距离奇托尔加尔140公里,居住着以其历史悠久的堡垒和神圣水井(kunds)而闻名的当地部落居民。
- 斋浦尔 - 拉贾斯坦邦的首府,距离奇托尔加尔318公里,也称为粉红之城,是宏伟的堡垒和宫殿以及壮丽的哈瓦玛哈(风宫)的所在地。
- 乌代布尔 - 梅瓦尔的王公领地(独立前),距离奇托尔加尔113公里,以其湖泊和宫殿而闻名。目前是旅游热点,特别是受高端西方游客的喜爱。
