史密斯堡 是一个位于奴隶河畔、靠近阿尔伯塔边境的西北地区城镇,人口为2,500人(2016年)。史密斯堡为伍德布法罗国家公园的游客提供各种服务。
了解
[]历史
[]史密斯堡建于奴隶河附近。它曾是连接加拿大南部和西部北极地区水路运输的重要枢纽。早期毛皮商人发现了一条从如今位于奴隶河西岸的菲茨杰拉德堡到史密斯堡的既定搬运路线。这条路线使使用者能够绕过四处无法通行的急流(卡塞特急流、鹈鹕急流、山脉急流和淹死者急流)。这条搬运小径自古以来就被当地原住民使用。
随着部落命运的变迁,该地区的土著人口发生了转移。到1870年,克里人已经占领了奴隶河流域。此时,奴隶族人已经向北迁移,奇佩瓦扬人也开始迁入该地区。
西北公司(North West Company)的彼得·庞德(Peter Pond)是第一位沿着奴隶河旅行并与该地区原住民接触的白人商人。他在1780年代在阿萨巴斯卡湖(Lake Athabasca)建立了福特奇佩瓦扬(Fort Chipewyan)站,位于奴隶河的源头。
在19世纪,以哈德逊湾公司(Hudson's Bay Company)活动为主的毛皮贸易深入了麦肯齐河地区。人们使用约克船(York boats)行驶奴隶河的急流,并在必要时建立小型搬运点,以绕过最危险的地段。1872年,哈德逊湾公司在奴隶河最南端的急流处建造了一个名为史密斯登陆(Smith's Landing,即菲茨杰拉德堡)的前哨站。1874年,在最北端的急流处又建造了另一个前哨站,名为史密斯堡。这两个前哨站都是为了纪念唐纳德·亚历山大·史密斯(Donald Alexander Smith)而命名的。
1898年,育空淘金热带来了许多寻金者,他们经过搬运点并穿过史密斯堡。到1930年代,史密斯堡经济的重要组成部分围绕着船舶和驳船建造,哈德逊湾公司和北方运输有限公司(Northern Transportation Company Limited,NTCL)在史密斯堡下方建立了造船厂。
伍德布法罗国家公园于1922年成立,其运营和行政总部设在史密斯堡。1938年黄刀镇(Yellowknife)发现金矿也为史密斯堡带来了经济增长,许多探矿者在此经过。

1942-1943年,当全球战火纷飞的第二次世界大战期间,史密斯堡也发挥了自己微小的作用。当时史密斯堡人口为250人,却接待了2000名美国士兵,他们正前往诺曼韦尔斯(Norman Wells)的卡诺尔石油管道项目(Canol Oil Pipeline Project)和卡诺尔公路。他们带来了数百船次的补给;为了运输这些物资,他们修建了一条从史密斯堡到海河(Hay River)甚至更北的拖拉机道路。
黄刀镇持续的“淘金热”也促使史密斯堡人口在1945年后的十年间增长了五倍。这反映在政府行政设施的增加以及其作为麦肯齐地区交通枢纽作用的增强。
1964年,南部铁路连接到海河,这在很大程度上削弱了史密斯堡的交通枢纽地位;随后,奴隶河上的航运业务于1968年停止。
如今,史密斯堡的经济基础是联邦、地区和原住民政府,以及教育和旅游业。2008年,曾有人对重新建立一条搬运路线以供应麦克默里堡(Fort McMurray)的油砂作业表现出兴趣。
游客信息
[]- Fort Smith Visitor Information Centre, 149 MacDougal Rd (at Wood Buffalo National park office), ☏ +1 867-872-7960, +1 867-872-7962 (24-hr hotline), woodbuffaloinfo-infowoodbuffalo@pc.gc.ca. M-F 9AM-noon, 1-5PM.

- 史密斯堡镇议会网站
抵达
[]乘飞机
[]- Fort Smith Regional Airport (YSM IATA) (at the east side of Fort Smith downtown). The base of operations for Northwestern Air, provides flights from Edmonton, Fort Chipewyan, Hay River, High Level and Yellowknife.

- Fort Smith Waterdome, Pine Lake Road, Wood Buffalo, Alberta, ☏ +1 867-621-0276. Seaplane base on Four Mile Lake approximately 9 km from Fort Smith downtown and south of the NWT-Alberta border.

乘汽车
[]史密斯堡全年均可通过史密斯堡公路(5号公路)抵达,这是一条全铺装路面,从西北方向的海河出发,长272公里(169 英里)。
还有一条仅冬季开放的道路连接奇佩瓦扬堡。
[]
[]夏季可以乘船沿着阿萨巴斯卡河(Athabasca River)从麦凯堡(Fort McKay)出发,以及沿着奴隶河从奇佩瓦扬堡出发。
四处逛逛
[]看
[]
- Northern Life Museum, 110 King Street, ☏ +1 867 872-2859. Sep-May: M-F 10AM-noon and 1-5PM; Jun–Aug: M-F 10AM-5PM, Sa 1-5PM. Collection of over 17,000 artifacts including traditional work of the Inuit, Inuvialuit, Dene and Metis, as well as mission, trade, pioneer and portage items. It hosts displays of an authentic northern trading post, a typical northern kitchen from the 1940s, 2 mounted adult bison, a traditional trapper's cabin, a 1965 Polaris Sno-Traveler, and a river bank scene featuring a birch bark canoe. The museum also hosts an outdoor Indigenous cultural centre that showcases Canada's First Peoples' ways of traditional living before European contact occurred in the early 1800s. It host as functional cold cache, smokehouse and tipi for public use.

- Radium King. A museum ship that is part of the Northern Life Museum. The Radium King was built in 1937 to haul ore on the Mackenzie River, and her tributaries. This included uranium used in the US atom bombs of World War II. Later in her active career she hauled barges on Great Slave Lake.

- Fort Smith Mission Territorial Park. See remains of the Oblate Catholic Mission, the center of the Church's operations in the western Arctic from 1876 until the early 1980s, with sign boards describing various aspects of the history and activities of the mission. The Cathedral, 1911 Bishop's house, the fields that were cultivated (some of which have been restored), and several other buildings such as machine and carpentry shops, can be seen on this extensive self-guided tour.

- 南奴隶友谊节. 音乐和艺术节,通常在八月举行。来自西北地区和许多其他遥远地方的音乐家和艺术家。
- 在夏季,可以在史密斯堡附近各处的急流上看到鹈鹕筑巢。珍稀的鹤类(濒危物种)也在夏季在此区域筑巢,可以通过包机观看,因为禁止陆路进入。
活动
[]- 划独木舟游览奴隶河及其急流。
- Canoe Artic Inc, Marine Dr, ☏ +1 867 872-2308. Paddle sports travel agency.

- Northwest Territories Paddling Company, 5 S.S. Sparrow Drive, ☏ +1 867 872-2060. Paddlesports travel agency: paddling - kayaks, canoes, rafts & SUP. The Slave River offers some of the most thrilling whitewater rafting in Canada. These river trips cater to all skill levels, from flatwater to Class 5. The rapids on the Slave River, between Fort Fitzgerald and Fort Smith, offer 25 kilometers of whitewater adventure for all skill levels. The four main rapids in the whitewater segment of the Slave River are: Cassette Rapids, Pelican Rapids, Mountain-Portage Rapids and Rapids of the Drowned.

- Pelican Rapids Golf & Country Club, 152 Mcdougal Rd, ☏ +1 867 872-4653. May-Sep: M-F 10AM-11PM, Sa 9AM-11PM, Su 9AM-10PM. A challenging par 36 course with beautiful and forgiving grass fairways. Artificial greens, water hazards on three holes. Club and cart rentals are available. There are no tee times to book; there is a friendly ‘walk-on’ policy. $15 for 9 holes or $20 for 18.

- Fort Smith Ski Club and Nordic Centre, Wood Buffalo, Alberta, fortsmithnordic@gmail.com. Cross-country ski centre.

- Wood Buffalo National Park. This national park straddles northern Alberta and the southern NWT. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its bison population, this park is one of the largest national parks in the world, covering over 44,000 km².

活动
[]- 南奴隶友谊节, ☏ +1 867-872-3378, jessicahval@hotmail.com. 每年,通常在八月. 一个音乐和艺术节,展示来自西北地区及其他地区的音乐家和艺术家。
- 奴隶河漂流节. 2025 年 8 月 1-4 日周末. 史密斯堡一年一度的漂流节在著名的奴隶河举行,奴隶河是世界上最著名的白水独木舟目的地之一。漂流节吸引了各种技能水平的划桨者在八月的长周末聚集。这个节日提供了各种有趣的活动,包括平水独木舟比赛(双人赛和 voyageurs 赛)、徒步旅行、儿童划桨、牛仔竞技和白水皮划艇比赛(初学者和高级)、站立式桨板比赛、海滩派对、颁奖晚宴、特色美食等等。
购物
[]餐饮
[]- Berro's Pizzeria, 195 McDougal Rd, ☏ +1 867 872-3332. M-Th 10AM-9PM, F Sa 11AM-10PM. Pizzas, burgers, donairs, wings, salads, sandwiches.

- Anna's Home Cooking, 338 Calder Ave, ☏ +1 867-872-2582. M-F 9AM-7PM. Bakery goods, pies, pies, soups, gluten-free and vegetarian choices.

- Pelican Restaurant, 152 McDougal Rd (at the Pelican Rids Inn), ☏ +1 867 872-2729. M-F 7:30AM-9:30PM, Sa Su 9:30AM-9:30PM. Chinese and Canadian food.

- Pelican Rapids Golf & Country Club, Highway 5. May–Sep only. Restaurant.

饮品
[]- Dirty O'Fergies Pub, 152 McDougal Rd (位于 Pelican Rapids Inn), ☏ +1 867 872-5392. 周一至周二 4PM-11PM,周三 4PM-午夜,周四至周六 4PM-次日2AM.

住宿
[]- Pelican Rapids Inn, 152 McDougal Rd, ☏ +1 867 872-2789. 带无线网络和可容纳80人的活动空间的酒店,纪念品商店出售当地艺术家的作品。包含 Pelican Restaurant 和 Dirty O'Fergies Pub。

- Wood Buffalo Inn, 123 Simpson St, ☏ +1 867 872-3222. 配备小厨房、用餐区、带卫星电视的客厅、独立卧室和浴室的设备齐全的套房。房间配有空调和无线网络。

- Whooping Crane Guest House, 13 Cassette Crescent, ☏ +1 867 872-3426, christine@whoopingcraneguesthouse.com. 入住:下午3点,退房:上午11点. 套房包括休息/用餐室、卧室和浴室 单人间 $165,套房 $185.

连接
[]为了主动预防安全风险,前往西北地区的旅客可以找到关于以下信息的资料:
- 森林火灾:NWT 森林火灾更新 或致电 ☏ +1 867 445-5484。
- 通知、警报和命令:点击这里。
下一站
[]| 途经 Fort Smith 的路线 |
| Hay River ← Wood Buffalo N.P. ← | W |
→ 终点 |
