吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦 (乌尔都语 : گلگت بلتستان),原名北部地区,是巴基斯坦北部行政管辖的政治实体。根据巴基斯坦宪法,吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦是一个独立的自治区,其居民从未在巴基斯坦议会中拥有代表权。

四条山脉在此交汇——喀喇昆仑山脉、帕米尔高原、喜马拉雅山脉以及兴都库什山脉——该地区是登山者、徒步旅行者和游客的“山地天堂”。该地区拥有一些世界最高的山峰,包括五座海拔超过8000米的**山峰**,许多海拔超过7000米,以及极地以外最大的冰川。相比之下,西欧或美国本土48州(lower 48)没有任何山峰能达到5000米,俄罗斯或北美任何地方的山峰都不超过6250米,而安第斯山脉的最高峰也仅仅不到7000米。
吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦拥有大自然一些最伟大的恩赐。世界各地的游客都被该地区美丽的峡谷、平原、山峰和历史遗迹所吸引。这里有地球上一些最高的山峰,包括K2峰。可以徒步前往Concordia(巴尔托罗冰川和戈德温奥斯汀冰川的交汇处)以及喀喇昆仑山脉的一个亚山脉——巴尔托罗穆兹塔格。
地区划分
[]城市
[]其他目的地
[]- 德奥赛国家公园
- 红其拉甫国家公园 位于红其拉甫山口附近,喀喇昆仑公路在此穿越巴基斯坦与中国边境。
- Punial山谷: 舍尔·奇拉(Sher Qillah)是风景如画的Punial山谷的主要村庄。哈通(Hatoon)是该地区面积最大的村庄之一。
- 拉玛湖——可以一览海拔8126米的南迦帕尔巴特的东侧壮丽景色。对于热爱冒险的游客、徒步旅行者、钓鱼爱好者、艺术爱好者、登山家或马球爱好者来说,世界上很少有地方能与吉尔吉特相媲美。
- 哈尔芒山谷
- 纳加尔 — 拥有世界第27高峰、冰川、堡垒、博物馆和度假村
- 罕萨 - 沿喀喇昆仑公路,进入中国之前。
- 吉泽尔 - 包括印度河山脉(Hindu Raj)最高峰之一的科约佐姆(Koyo Zom)。
了解
[]
吉尔吉特,现为该地区行政中心,曾是丝绸之路上的重要城市,佛教经由此地从印度传播到亚洲各地。吉尔吉特出土了大量梵文佛教文献,包括《心经》的长本。根据古代文献的记载,达尔德人和齐齐纳人也出现在许多古籍的民族名单中,前者在托勒密的该地区记载中也有提及。两位著名旅行者法显和玄奘,根据他们的记载,都曾穿越吉尔吉特。穿过吉尔吉特的古丝绸之路现在是喀喇昆仑公路(KKH)。
吉尔吉特曾由当地的特拉卡尼王朝统治数个世纪,该王朝约在1810年结束。该地区随后陷入内乱,直到1842年被锡克帝国占领。1846年,该地区被割让给查谟。1852年,吉尔吉特居民在一次起义中赶走了新统治者。亚辛和古拉普尔的库什瓦赫特王朝(Khushwakhte Dynasty)领导吉尔吉特人民驱逐了多格拉统治者。在亚辛被奇特拉尔的卡图尔王朝(Katur Dynasty)征服后,库什瓦赫特王朝的势力被粉碎。1860年,查谟的统治得以恢复。1889年,吉尔吉特归英国统治,并与邻近的罕萨和纳加尔合并,成为吉尔吉特署。1947年英国统治结束后,该地区曾短暂归还给查谟和克什米尔的土邦主。随后,该地区归巴基斯坦控制。时至今日,吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦仍是克什米尔争端的一部分,印度认为它是巴基斯坦占领的印度联邦属地拉达克的一部分。
该地区的大部分人口希望并入巴基斯坦成为一个独立的省份,并反对与克什米尔其他地区合并,巴基斯坦政府一直以可能危及其在克什米尔争端中的立场为由拒绝。然而,截至2020年11月,巴基斯坦政府似乎正朝着将其转变为一个正式省份的方向迈进。这一举动将在多大程度上实现尚不明确,但普遍认为此举可能会进一步加剧印巴关系,并导致克什米尔全境的紧张局势升级,因为许多克什米尔民族主义者/独立支持者认为该地区是克什米尔不可分割的一部分。
巴尔蒂斯坦是巴基斯坦北部一个历史悠久的地区,以其严酷的气候、高耸的山脉和冰川而闻名。也被称为Baltiyul或小西藏,是一个山地地区,构成了自1947年以来一直是现代印度和巴基斯坦之间争端焦点的克什米尔地区的一部分。
吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦占地72,971平方公里(28,174平方英里),地势极其多山。
对话
[]乌尔都语是巴基斯坦的国语,在巴基斯坦各地(包括吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦)作为通用语使用。当地语言有Shina语、Balti语、Khowar语、Wakhi语和Burushaski语。与其他巴基斯坦地区一样,受过教育的阶层和从事旅游业的人士普遍会说英语。其他语言包括Purgi语、Domaaki语、Pashto语、Kyrgyz语、Luneci语、Brokskat语、Ladakhi语、Uyghur语、Shughni语、Ishkashimi语、Sarikoli语、Uzbek语、Turkmen语、Munji语和Changthang语。
抵达
[]乘飞机
[]巴基斯坦国际航空公司提供每日由伊斯兰堡飞往吉尔吉特的波音737航班。飞行时间约50分钟,这条航线是世界上风景最美的航线之一,因为它会飞越南迦帕尔巴特峰,而该山峰的高度甚至高于飞机的巡航高度。拉合尔和伊斯兰堡也有飞往吉尔吉特和斯卡杜(KDU IATA)的航班。然而,所有航班都可能因天气原因延误,冬季的航班经常会延迟数天。航班延误通常意味着次日才能起飞——因此,乘坐公路旅行通常更快、更可靠。
公路
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曾经是丝绸之路一条小路上的喀喇昆仑公路连接着伊斯兰堡、吉尔吉特和斯卡杜,它们是北部地区登山探险的两个主要中心。
从伊斯兰堡到吉尔吉特的巴士行程大约需要20-24小时,费用在3020至4180卢比之间,每天从拉瓦尔品第的Pirwadhai巴士总站出发三次。在伊斯兰堡/拉瓦尔品第和吉尔吉特之间运营的官方政府巴士公司(也允许外国人乘坐)是NATCO(北部地区交通公司)。对于乘坐NATCO巴士从伊斯兰堡/拉瓦尔品第前往吉尔吉特的外国乘客,建议携带10份护照复印件给司机,以便他们在高速公路上的每个警察检查站出示。
喀喇昆仑公路上的山体滑坡并不少见,但推土机通常会很快清除道路。KKH通过苏斯特(巴基斯坦一侧的边境海关和卫生检疫站)和红其拉甫山口(世界最高铺装国际边境口岸,海拔4,693米(15,397英尺))将吉尔吉特与中国的新疆塔什库尔干和喀什连接起来。
如果你们是团体,可以从伊斯兰堡机场预订一辆货车或汽车,或从市中心市场的租车公司租车。
冬季前往该地区是危险的,此时山体滑坡和积雪会堵塞道路,有时迫使您在该地区停留数周甚至数月。
四处逛逛
[]乘巴士
[]NATCO(北部地区交通公司)、丝绸之路交通公司和几家其他运输公司提供前往两大中心以及该地区其他几个热门目的地、湖泊和冰川的巴士和吉普车运输服务。
驾车或骑摩托车
[]您也可以考虑租一辆汽车,或者对于更具冒险精神的人来说,租一辆摩托车来探索吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦的奇观。了解哪些道路和路段可以安全驾驶,并时刻考虑天气状况。在吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦的大部分地区都可以买到汽油,摩托车修理工也通常很多而且非常便宜。
看
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吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦是世界上一些最高山峰的所在地,并提供令人难以置信的徒步旅行机会。在一个约500公里宽、350公里深的山区,有700多座6000米以上的山峰,160多座7000米以上的山峰。K2峰被认为比珠穆朗玛峰更具技术挑战性,尽管它更矮。
- 仙境草甸是喜马拉雅山脉、喀喇昆仑山脉和兴都库什山脉三条著名山脉交汇之处。
- 岩石雕刻 距斯卡杜约3公里,在萨德拉努拉(Sadpara Nullah)对岸的斯卡杜-萨德拉帕路(Skardu-Sadpara Road)旁,刻有一个巨大的佛像,周围环绕着小菩萨,可追溯到公元8世纪。卡丘拉湖(Kachura Lake)沿岸也刻有史前人类和动物的形象。在Perkuta(Mehdi Abad)附近的山谷中也发现了一些岩石雕刻和寺庙图。
- 辛格尔位于普尼亚尔山谷,是理想的鲑鱼垂钓点。
山
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世界上最高的五十座山峰中有十八座位于吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦。它们按排名如下:
- K2 (乔戈里峰),海拔8611米,世界第二高峰。
- 南迦帕尔巴特峰,世界第九高峰,海拔8125米(28250英尺)。
- 加舒尔布鲁姆I峰,世界第11高峰,海拔8080米。
- 布洛阿特峰,世界第12高峰,海拔8047米。
- 加舒尔布鲁姆II峰,世界第13高峰,海拔8035米。
- 加舒尔布鲁姆III峰,世界第15高峰,海拔7946米。
- 加舒尔布鲁姆VI峰,世界第17高峰,海拔7932米。
- 迪斯塔吉尔萨尔峰,世界第19高峰,海拔7884米。
- 昆扬吉什峰,世界第21高峰,海拔7823米。
- 马夏尔布鲁姆峰,世界第22高峰,海拔7821米。
- 巴图拉峰,世界第25高峰,海拔7795米。
- 坎居特萨尔峰,世界第26高峰,海拔7788米。
- 拉克阿波西峰,世界第27高峰,海拔7760米。
- 萨尔托罗康峰,世界第31高峰,海拔7742米。
- 乔戈里萨峰,世界第36高峰,海拔7498米。
- 希斯帕尔峰,世界第38高峰,海拔7611米。
- 特里沃尔峰,世界第39高峰,海拔7577米。
- 斯姜康日峰,世界第44高峰,海拔7545米。
For comparison, Mont Blanc, the tallest mountain in Western Europe, is less than 5,000 m and Mount Whitney, the highest point in the 48 contiguous United States, less than 4,500 . This region has literally dozens of peaks higher than either of those.
Other mountains include the majestic 无名塔。
冰川
[]Three of the world's seven longest glaciers outside the polar regions are also in Gilgit-Baltistan: the Biafo Glacier, the Baltoro Glacier, and the Batura Glacier.
The Siachin Glacier is 75 km. The Hispar (53 km) joins the Biafo at the Hispar La (5154.16 m (16,910 ft) to form an ice corridor 116.87 km (72 mi) long. The Batura, too, is 58 km in length. The most outstanding of these rivers of ice is the 62 km Baltoro. This large glacier, fed by some 30 tributaries, has a surface area of 1291.39 km².
湖泊
[]
There are several high-altitude lakes in Gilgit-Baltistan.
堡垒
[]活动
[]- Karakoram Air Safari is the most scenic air journey starting from Islamabad by Pakistan International Airlines.
- Mountaineering, trekking and hiking. The area is ideal for these. One popular trek is the K2 base camp trek. Permission for mountaineering and trekking in the restricted zone is issued by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Sports Complex, Kashmir Highway, Aabpara, Islamabad (Telephone: 92-51-9203509).
- Fishing: at Satpara Lake (8 km) and Kachura Lake 932 km) from Skardu abound in trout. Fishing permits are issued by the Fisheries Department at Gilgit and Skardu.
- Flora and fauna: Roses, lilies, pansies, willow, pine and fir trees are found in abundance. Apples, apricots, peaches, plums, mulberries, walnuts and grapes are available from June to October and almonds from October to March.
- Wildlife: Baltistan boasts wildlife like markhors, ibexes, snow leopards and birds, namely chakors, partridges and ducks. Most of the animals and birds are protected but limited shooting is allowed. Hunting permits are issued by the local administration.
- 骑自行车
- Eco tours at different National parks
- Skiing
- Polo Attend Shandur Polo festival
购物
[]Only very few banks and ATMs in Gilgit-Baltistan accept foreign bank cards or credit cards for withdrawing money. As a visiting foreigner, your best bet would be to bring enough cash for your whole journey in Gilgit-Baltistan, or to try the ATM at the Alfalah Bank branch in Gilgit, which sometimes happen to work with foreign cards.
餐饮
[]Most hotels have restaurants.
- Cafe De Hunza is a small but cosy cafe in Karimabad in the Hunza Valley. Offers a wide range of local foods, coffee and pancakes. The cafe has its own small library filled with maps and travel related books and magazines.
- Hunza Cuisine is at Karimabad Zero Point in the Hunza Valley. Offers Hunza traditional foods.
- Baltit Fort Cafe is a new addition to the Baltit Fort in the Hunza Valley. A number of local, Pakistani and continental foods are prepared upon order.
- Pagoda Restaurant offers Chinese cuisine. The Pagoda is on an island in the Honeymoon Lake, linked to the Shangrila Resort by a short bridge.
- The Lake View Restaurant gives a panoramic view of the Shangrila Resort and offers Pakistani and Continental cuisine.
- Tandoori Village offers a taste of ancient recipes, Chicken Tikka, Seekh Kababs, Mutton Tikkas, Grilled Fish with home made tandoori roti.
- Cafe DC-3 This code name of original DC-3 Aircraft was Alpha Alpha Foxtrot (AAF). This unique cafe, insida an old airplane which crash landed on the riverbed and was brought to the present site in the 1950s. It offers a variety of snacks and cabin crew hospitality.
- Chalt Tourist Inn is in Chalt Nagar. Offers a variety of snacks and cabin crew hospitality.
- Haji Ramazan Hotel is in Gilgit where fresh Pakistani foods are prepared on order.
饮品
[]There are bars in most of the top end hotels.
Avoid drinking tap water. Locals usually drink water from streams, but that can be unsafe for those not accustomed to it. So only drink water you have filtered, boiled, or bottled water, which is available all over.
住宿
[]
注意安全
[]Gilgit-Baltistan is considered to be one of the safest regions under Pakistani control, but some parts of it are off-limits to tourists, especially the buffer zone along the "Line of Control" that divides the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir. District headquarter hospitals are present in Gilgit, Skardu, Khaplu (Ghache District), Chilas (Diamer), Ghazin (Gahkuch).
Altitude sickness and road accidents much more of a problem, so prioritize those and acclimatize for a few weeks before travelling.
尊重
[]As with many people living in Kashmir, people are divided into several opposing camps . Some who desire full independence, some who desire integration with Pakistan, and some who desire integration with India. This makes Gilgit-Baltistani politics incredibly complex.
连接
[]Mobile services are available in the area.
Call 1122 in-case of any emergency.
In Gilgit-Baltistan there is only one working cell phone network operator, namely SCO / SCOM. As a foreigner you can buy a working Sim card at SCO franchise shops and offices in Gilgit. Activation of such a Sim card usually takes about 24 hours.
下一站
[]公路
[]To China: Thrice-weekly bus service was scheduled to begin crossing the border from Gilgit, to Kashgar, China, and road widening work was scheduled for 600 kilometres of the Karakoram Highway. There were also plans for one daily bus in each direction between Sust and Taxkorgan in the border areas of the two countries.
To Islamabad: Via the Karakoram Highway, popularly known as the Silk Road.
To India: The Srinagar-Muzaffarabad route and Wagah borders will allow you to visit India while the Kargil-Skardu road is closed.
乘飞机
[]Pakistan International Airlines offers daily flights between Gilgit and Skardu Airports and Islamabad International Airport. The flying time of the first is approximately 50 minutes, and the flight is one of the most scenic flights in the world, as its route passes over Nanga Parbat, with the peak of the mountain being higher than the aircraft's cruising altitude. PIA also offers regular flights on Boeing 737s between Skardu and Islamabad. All flights, however, are subject to weather clearance, and in winters, flights are often delayed by several days.


