霍赫·费吕沃国家公园
Hoge Veluwe National Park (Dutch: Hoge Veluwe Nationaal Park) is a national park in the Gelderland province of the Netherlands. With an area of roughly 55 km², it is one of the largest national parks in the country and a popular short-stay tourist destination for the Dutch. The park is north of Arnhem and east of Ede, and is praised for its natural beauty, diverse wildlife and the Kröller Müller museum for modern arts.
了解
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Hoge Veluwe National Park is part of a much larger natural area called the Veluwe (1,100 km²). Tourism plays a major role in the whole of the Veluwe and is the most important source of income for the area. With hundreds of lodging options, many restaurants and a lot of sports activities, the region is extremely well equipped to cater to the traveller’s needs. The Hoge Veluwe National Park has a few options for eating and sleeping, but can get crowded, especially during summer and on weekends or other school holidays if the weather is good for hiking and biking. The park is maintained by a non-profit foundation and it's the only part of the Veluwe for which an entry fee is required.
历史
[]The Veluwe as a whole was formed some 150,000 years ago, when thick glaciers pushed sands from the Meuse and Rhine delta aside, thereby creating the hills that are now characteristic for the area. The sandy structure of the hills causes rain water to soak in quickly, only to emerge on the surface again many metres below, where it forms streams and small lakes in the "valleys" and flat lands.
Efforts have been undertaken to restore the richly vegetated and game filled wetlands that used to surround the area but have been laid dry over the past 150 years to create better farmlands.
The Hoge Veluwe National Park was established by the wealthy businessman Anton Kröller and his wife, Helene Kröller-Müller, who was an art collector. Anton Kruller bought the estate in 1909 and started the construction of the current park by placing fences, building a hunting estate (the design for which was made by famous Dutch architect Berlage) and releasing additional game into the wild. The exotic moeflons that can still be seen today were introduced in this period. The construction of the park lasted until 1923.
地貌
[]The Veluwe is famous for its diversity in natural landscapes and (for Dutch standards) partly rolling landscapes. Although most of the land is flat, it has subtle variations in small areas, with the highest point at 110 m. It's a forest-rich area, but there are large heaths, streams and small lakes as well. In the desert patches you'll find sand drifts that are among the largest ones in Europe.
动植物
[]The park is mostly covered by pristine vegetation, most of which consists of various conifers, shrub and grassland with a large variation of flowers. A good number of rare plants are found here as well as introduced exotic plants like American Oaks. When it comes to wildlife, there is, by Dutch standards, a broad variety of larger mammals. Commonly sighted are deer, roes, mouflon wild sheep and wild boar. Bird watchers will be pleased with their diversity and the park is home to lots of rabbits, foxes, badgers and other small mammals.
In order to maintain a naturally sustainable population in this fenced environment, a controlled annual hunt is a normal practice.
抵达
[]There are three entrances: from the direction of Arnhem (entrance at Schaarsbergen) on the N311, from Otterlo or Hoenderloo on the N304 or N310 or from Delen.
Hoenderloo
[]Hoenderloo入口可从 阿珀尔多恩 经 N304 公路，在道路急转弯向右后接 N804 公路直达。不久后您将看到右侧的 Hoenderloo 入口。N304 在 19 号出口（Hoenderloo）处连接 A1 高速公路，这可能是该国最重要的公路之一。N804 也在阿纳姆附近连接 Schaarsbergen 和 A50 高速公路。
Hoendeloo can also be reached by bus using line 108 from the Ede-Wageningen railway station, connecting to the Hoendeloo Centrum bus stop. From here, a bus runs to another entrance at Otterlo every hour. Looking down the street you're on, you should see the National Park Hoge Veluwe west from you.
Otterlo
[]Otterlo入口可驾车经 N310 公路从 阿纳姆 抵达，或经 N304 公路从 埃德 或 阿珀尔多恩 抵达。经 N304 公路抵达 Otterlo 时，一到镇上即可进入环岛（可通过跟随指示牌前往埃德或阿珀尔多恩，取决于您的出发地）。进镇后，左转进入 Dorpsstraat，该路将继续通往 Otterlo 的入口处。
When using the N310 coming from Arnhem, first use the N224 to get out of town, then, shortly before passing underneath the A50 highway, signs will direct you onto the N310. After crossing the A12 the N310 will seem to come to an end, instead, follow directions to Otterlo, turning left. This too will get you to Otterlo directly, and once in the centre of town, turn right onto the Dorpsstraat, which will get you to the entrance.
Otterlo can also be reached by buses. First take bus 105 running between Arnhem and Barneveld and get off the bus at Otterlo Centrum. From here you can either walk for some 15 minutes down the Dorpsstraat or wait for the next bus on line 106 to get you two stops further to the entrance of the National Park.
Schaarsbergen
[]Schaarsbergen入口可驾车经阿纳姆以北的 A12 高速公路抵达。从西部出发，建议使用 25 号出口（Oosterbeek）。从这里，驾车前往阿纳姆，在左侧的第一条主要道路 N310 上转弯。该路不久后将结束，届时您应右转进入 N311，该路经过 Schaarsbergen 入口。在第一个环岛前不久您就能看到入口在您的左侧。
From the east and north, use the complex of exit ramps around Knooppunt Waterberg (Waterberg Interchange). These exits are numbers 26 (A12, Arnhem-Noord) and 19 (A50, Schaarsbergen). In the case of exit 26, head north away from Arnhem, turning left onto the N311 where said road passes over the A50. After 4.5 km (2.8 mi) you will find the Schaarsbergen entrance on your right.
Schaarsbergen can be reached via public transit using bus line 9, running between Arnhem Centraal, Arnhem's main train station, and Schaarsbergen I.P.C.
费用和许可证
[]Entrance costs €9.30 for adults and €4.65 for kids (6-12 years old) and comes with free use of bicycles all over the park, which are a must-use should you wish to explore as much of the park as possible within a day. It is recommended that you don't bring a car into the park, but doing so isn't forbidden and possible for a fee of €6.60, while parking at one of the parkings at the park entrances costs half of that (€3.30).
Should you wish to also visit the Kröller-Müller museum, then you can combine your tickets into one, buying entry to both the park and the museum for €18.60 for adults and €5 for kids between the ages of six and twelve.
As the fenced park lies quite centrally in the natural areas of the Veluwe, bikers and hikers will sometimes have to either enter the park or make serious detours. To accommodate their needs, a reduced fee is available for those who only want to pass through the park.
四处逛逛
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Cars are allowed in the park on the few main roads, but most paths can only be used by bicycles and on foot. Walking is an option if you only want to cover a small part of the park as it is not allowed to camp in the area. There is a nature camping within the park. Bikes are available for free from the visitors centre, if you don't have your own. Maps and routes are plentiful and are available from the visitors centre too.
看
[]Besides the exciting landscape, visitors are advised to visit the collections of paintings and sculptures of the famous Kröller-Müller Museum, and the St. Hubert Hunting Lodge (Jachthuis St. Hubertus) in the northern part of the park.
- Kröller-Müller博物馆, Houtkampweg 6, Otterlo (Otterlo, Centrum 105 (从 阿纳姆中央车站 或 巴恩维尔德 出发)), ☏ +31 318 59 12 41, info@krollermuller.nl. 10:00-17:00. 优秀的博物馆，藏有梵高作品的收藏量仅次于阿姆斯特丹的梵高博物馆，位居第二。还收藏有毕加索、修拉和 蒙德里安 等大师的许多其他杰作。 €3.50（不含公园门票）.
- St. Hubert Hunting Lodge (Jachthuis Sint-Hubertus), 公园北侧. 这座狩猎小屋于 1914 年为 Kröller-Müller 夫妇设计，他们后来用这里招待客人。尽管建筑师 Hendrik Petrus Berlage 最初被赋予了充分的自由去按照自己的想法设计，但这对富有的夫妇越来越多地干预设计和建造过程。Berlage 无法忍受这种强烈的干预，最终辞职，他的工作由 Henry Van De Velde 继续。这座小屋以狩猎的守护神圣休伯特命名，其形状大致 resembles 鹿角。据传说，正是看到一头他正要射杀的鹿的角之间出现十字架，使他选择了宗教生活。在高季时请务必准时到达。只能通过导览参观，名额有限。 €3.
- Museonder (inside the visitors centre). 09:30-17:00 (18:00 in summer). This underground museum provides a view inside the soils, including complex tree root systems, underground water runs and remains of now extinct wildlife. The entrance is included in the park's entrance fee.
活动
[]There is a visitors' centre (Bezoekerscentrum Museonder) near the Museum with a fine display of the local flora and fauna, the water systems of the park and other information, food stalls and playgrounds for children.
Hiking is very popular. A number of marked routes[死链]are available, with different lengths starting from 3.5 km. All are designed to maximise specific experiences, such as sighting game, panoramic views or seeing the goldcrests and migration of toads. Furthermore, there are four theme-based routes for which leaflets with information can be obtained from the visitors centre for €1. Other possibilities are guided walks with a nature guide (book well ahead) or GPS-routes (€10 for half a day), all starting at the visitors centre. Reservations for a guide or GPS can be made well in advance via reserveringen@hogeveluwe.nl.
购物
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The visitors centre houses a shop where you'll find honey from the park's bee population, a range of local products, park souvenirs, books, sweets, wooden toys and cloths. The Kröller-Müller museum has a museum shop, with relevant books, CDs, and other museum and art-related products.
餐饮
[]There are a few options for lunch, snacks and drinks in the park. However, you'll have to take dinner elsewhere as these places close in the late afternoon.
- Restaurant Monsieur Jacques (Kröller-Müller博物馆内), ☏ +31 318 - 59 16 57. 周二至周日 10:00-16:30，节假日周一开放. 只能凭有效的博物馆门票（€3）进入这家餐厅。您自己从柜台取餐，并在那里付款。有各种美味的糕点供您在咖啡休息时享用，菜单上还有法式长棍面包、汤、沙拉和其他一些简餐。 三明治从 €4 起.
- ]dead link[ De Koperen Kop, Houtkampweg 9b (游客中心对面), ☏ +31 318 591-289. 夏季 09:00-17:00，冬季 10:00-17:00. 这家自助餐厅提供各种冷热简餐，包括煎饼、鱼肉和肉类菜肴、沙拉等。还有各种精美的糕点和小吃。许多游客将这里作为游览公园的起点，因为这里有充足的停车位。还有一个儿童游乐场。 从 €4 的汤到 €15 的烤肋排.
住宿
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在公园内住宿的唯一选择是天然露营地。虽然通常有足够的空位，但在复活节或五旬节等最受欢迎的周末可能会满员。无法提前预订甚至咨询。不过，如果您无法住在公园内，周边地区也有大量的选择，因为整个 Veluwe 地区有超过 500 个住宿选择。附近的村庄 Hoenderloo、Otterlo 和 Schaarsbergen 有很多露营地。如果您正在寻找酒店，阿珀尔多恩、埃德 或 阿纳姆 也有很多选择。
注意安全
[]Do not approach wild boar, since they can be aggressive towards humans when they have piglets.
下一站
[]附近的景点包括
| Routes through Hoge Veluwe National Park |
| Eindhoven ← Nijmegen ← | S  N |
→ 阿纳姆 → 兹沃勒 |