曼杜 或 曼达夫,字面意思为“欢乐之城”,是印度 中央邦的一个小镇,现今以巴兹·巴哈杜尔为纪念其王后拉妮·鲁普玛蒂而建的堡垒而闻名。在1401年至1561年间,它是中北印度穆斯林统治者的重要堡垒。这座堡垒于400多年前被废弃,现在是一片长10多公里、宽15公里的巨大遗址。供奉湿婆神的寺庙也吸引了许多朝圣者。
了解
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曼杜或曼达夫的堡垒坐落在文迪亚山脉一块高634米的岩石突出部上。南部急剧下降305米,与尼马尔平原汇合,尼马尔平原由强大的纳尔马达河灌溉。曼杜高原的东、南、北三面被一条名为卡克拉科赫的深邃峡谷与马拉瓦高原分隔。天然的防御工事加上令人惊叹的起伏地貌,使曼杜成为历代统治者千年来钟爱的堡垒。
曼杜位于印度几乎中心的位置,在塑造国家历史方面发挥了主导作用。几个世纪以来,它一直是北印度统治者入侵德干或抵御南方入侵的前哨。历代,中印度马拉瓦地区的国王,以及德里苏丹和莫卧儿大帝,都将曼都作为他们的居所。他们在曼杜的自然和人工防御工事内修建了清真寺、享乐宫殿、狩猎小屋、亭台、陵墓、城门、旅馆和商店。难怪穆斯林统治者称曼杜为“Shadiabad”,意为欢乐之城。
如今,曼杜的废弃堡垒及其崎岖而壮丽的风景已成为主要的旅游景点。曼杜也是印度唯一可以大量发现猴面包树(原产于非洲)的地方。
季风季节是游览曼杜的最佳时间,届时湖泊和池塘将水满,乌云在崎岖的山地景观中营造出浪漫的氛围。
抵达
[]最近的机场和火车站是(95公里外的)印多尔。位于德里-孟买铁路线上的(124公里外的)拉特兰姆是抵达曼杜的另一个选择。
乘飞机
[]最近的机场是印多尔的阿希利亚拜·霍尔卡尔机场。有从德里、孟买、浦那、斋浦尔、海得拉巴、博帕尔、艾哈迈达巴德、那格浦尔、赖布尔和加尔各答的定期航班。
乘火车
[]距离95公里的印多尔是最近的火车站。印多尔与全国各地有良好的火车连接。
乘巴士
[]曼杜与(95公里外的)印多尔和(35公里外的)达尔有良好的巴士连接。从印多尔出发,有两班直达曼杜的巴士,第一班从Gangwal Bus Stand(上午8点)出发,第二班从Sarawate Bus Stand(下午2点)出发。车程约3小时。或者,你也可以在达尔中转。从印多尔到达尔,以及从达尔到曼杜都有定期的巴士服务。
乘汽车
[]你可以在印多尔租车。从印多尔出发的最佳路线如下:印多尔 - Pithampur - Ghatabillod - Labour - 达尔 - 曼杜。距离约95公里,道路状况良好。
四处逛逛
[]除了少数孤立的废墟外,曼杜的遗迹都集中在一个小区域内。
步行
[]曼杜的景点可以分成不同的区域。每个区域都可以步行游览。但要走完整个区域是不可能的。
骑自行车
[]可以租用自行车来游览曼杜分散的景点。酒店可以安排自行车租赁。这是探索景点的轻松环保的方式。骑自行车游览主要景点至少需要两天。
乘汽车
[]可以租用汽车,这是游览曼杜遗址最方便快捷的方式。酒店可以安排汽车。一天的时间足够游览曼杜的所有主要景点。
导游
[]可以雇佣导游进行全程观光,但大多数导游都是按照固定路线操作。大多数主要景点都有现场导游。
看
[]曼杜的考古遗址可以分为五个大类:
- 中心区域
- 皇家区域
- 勒瓦昆德区域
- 达里亚汗陵墓区域
- 萨加尔塔拉奥区域
除了这些主要区域外,曼杜还有几个分散的考古遗址。还有通往曼杜这座设防的中世纪定居点的几座城门。
中心区域
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顾名思义,中心区域位于曼杜设防堡垒的中心。今天,它作为曼杜镇的主要中心,并设有主要巴士站。它也被称为村庄区域。它有四个考古遗址:阿什拉菲宫(以及马哈茂德·基尔吉的陵墓)、贾米清真寺和霍尚沙陵墓。还有两座新寺庙。其中一座是耆那教寺庙,另一座是罗摩寺庙。
- 贾米清真寺 (阿什拉菲宫对面)。 曼杜最大、最重要的清真寺。清真寺的建造始于霍尚沙国王统治时期,由马哈茂德·基尔吉完成。曼杜的贾米清真寺模仿了大马士革的清真寺。它通过东方一个巨大的穹顶门楼进入。门上有大理石的门柱和门楣,这可能让人联想到印度教建筑。穿过门廊,便进入一个开放的庭院,庭院三面(除西面外)都有柱廊,其中大部分早已坍塌。西面是祈祷大厅,上方有三个巨大的圆顶,还有58个小圆顶。祈祷大厅由令人惊叹的柱子和拱门组成,西墙上有17个弯曲的壁龛。精雕细琢的中央大理石壁龛是清真寺的主要米哈拉布。祈祷大厅旁边是一个穹顶讲坛,可通过一连串台阶到达。伊玛目将在此讲坛带领祈祷。

- 霍尚沙陵墓 (贾米清真寺后方或西方)。 霍尚沙陵墓建于1440年,是印度第一座大理石建筑。陵墓坐落在一个有围墙的院落内,入口在北面。院落东侧有一个带柱廊的大厅。霍尚沙陵墓位于院落中央,建在一个方形高台上。屋顶上方有一个略微抬高的平台,边缘有垛口。它比屋顶略小,中央是巨大的大理石圆顶。平台四角有四个小圆顶。陵墓的入口在北面的拱形门楼。门楼两侧有两个较小的拱门,饰有装饰性大理石屏风。南墙也有类似的拱形门,但都带有装饰性大理石屏风。大厅中央是霍尚沙的空冢(真墓位于下方、平台内)。它是一个大理石结构,呈阶梯金字塔式建造。两侧各有一些较小的空冢,西侧有一个,东侧有两个。据说霍尚沙陵墓启发了阿格拉的泰姬陵。莫卧儿皇帝沙贾汗的建筑师据说曾到曼杜研究陵墓的建筑风格,然后才建造了泰姬陵。首席建筑师哈米德在拱形入口的左侧留下了一处铭文,提到了他们的访问,至今仍可见。

- 阿什拉菲宫和马哈茂德·基尔吉陵墓, 贾米清真寺对面。 位于贾米清真寺对面。阿什拉菲宫在马哈茂德·基尔吉统治时期(1436-69年)可能作为伊斯兰学校(madrasa),紧邻清真寺。随着时间的推移,阿什拉菲宫经过多次重建和扩建,也曾用于多种其他用途。甚至在伊斯兰学校的中央开放庭院后来也被用于建造马哈茂德·基尔吉的巨大陵墓。陵墓早已坍塌。今天,阿什拉菲宫通过一长串台阶和一个大理石亭子进入。曾覆盖亭子的圆顶早已坍塌。从亭子穿过一条通道,便可到达一个曾经是马哈茂德·基尔吉陵墓的开放庭院。庭院四周排列着小房间。这些房间可能是学生的住所。四角有尖塔,在马哈茂德·基尔吉统治时期,西北角的一个尖塔被改建成了庆祝他战胜奇托尔的拉纳的凯旋塔。这座塔也早已坍塌,只剩下地基。顺带一提,奇托尔的拉纳也建造了一座至今仍存在的凯旋塔。Incidentally the Rana of Chitoor also built a victory tower, which stands to this day。

皇家区域
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皇家区域是曼杜所有建筑群中最大、最分散的。它包含曼杜一些最受欢迎的建筑,如贾哈兹宫、希多拉宫和皇家宫殿。该区域分散,最好结合乘车和短途步行来游览。
- 塔维利宫。 三层建筑的塔维利宫位于皇家区域入口的右侧。底层可能是马厩,而上面两层是骑兵和马匹看守者的住所。该建筑位于卡普尔塔拉奥(Kapoor Talao)以南,贾哈兹宫(Jahaz Mahal)的东南方向。一楼设有印度考古调查局(ASI)博物馆。顶楼和露台不对游客开放。但是,经请求,保安会允许游客登上露台,那里可以俯瞰卡普尔塔拉奥和贾哈兹宫的壮丽景色。

- 贾哈兹宫 (船宫) (在曼朱塔拉奥和卡普尔塔拉奥之间)。 日出 - 日落。 这座长110米、宽15米的双层建筑位于曼朱塔拉奥和卡普尔塔拉奥之间的狭长地带上,给人一种在水中航行的船的错觉。可能由苏丹·吉亚斯丁·基尔吉在15世纪后期建造。它曾是苏丹的巨大后宫,可容纳令人难以置信的15000名女性。后来也曾是莫卧儿皇帝贾汗吉尔宠妃努尔·贾汗的住所。双层建筑的南端有一条楼梯直接通往露台。露台北端有一个花卉设计的游泳池,一楼也有一个类似的游泳池。露台在贾哈兹宫长长的露台的南端和北端各有一个穹顶亭。北面的亭子不在露台的尽头,而是在游泳池的南面。这些亭子仍然保留着蓝色和黄色的瓷砖。

- 希多拉宫 (摇摆宫) (在贾哈兹宫以北)。 这座T形建筑,带有倾斜的扶壁墙,可能曾作为听政厅。它建于15世纪后期苏丹·吉亚斯丁·基尔吉统治时期。

- 皇家宫殿和占婆阶梯井。 希多拉宫以北,蒙杰塔拉奥湖(Munj Talao)以西是皇家宫殿。它已成废墟。皇家宫殿入口处是占婆阶梯井(Bawdi意为阶梯井),它保存得相对完好。井的底部通往一系列拱形房间的地下通道,在炎热的夏天能保持室内凉爽。占婆阶梯井以北是哈马姆(Hammam,冷热水浴室)建筑群,穹顶上星形和新月形的孔允许自然光线过滤到黑暗的室内。

- 迪尔瓦拉·汗清真寺。 建于1405年的迪尔瓦拉·汗清真寺是曼杜最古老的伊斯兰建筑。它位于皇家区北端,是皇家区内唯一的宗教建筑。

- 纳哈尔·贾罗卡宫 ((虎窗))。 纳哈尔·贾罗卡,字面意思是虎窗,是一座位于希多拉宫以北的宫殿。这座宫殿已完全成为废墟,屋顶早已坍塌。尽管已成废墟,但宫殿的几扇窗户得以保存,但那座得名于虎头的窗户已无法找到。

- 贾尔宫 (水宫)。 贾尔宫,又称水宫,是“欢乐之城”曼杜最迷人的建筑之一。它位于曼朱塔拉奥(Manju Talao)的西北角,是皇家区域中最远的建筑。由于位置偏远,它经常被游客忽略,但遗憾的是,他们错过了曼杜一个有趣的景点。一条狭窄的通道连接着皇家区域的剩余部分与贾尔宫。这条通道横跨曼朱塔拉奥的水面,两侧各有三对狭窄的楼梯向下延伸至水边。这座宫殿曾是莫卧儿皇帝贾汗吉尔的最爱,拥有喷泉、游泳池、水道和拱形门楼。

- 蒙杰塔拉奥湖 (贾哈兹宫西侧的大湖)。 比曼朱塔拉奥小得多,这个长方形池塘四周铺有石板。卡普尔塔拉奥和曼朱塔拉奥一起,赋予了贾哈兹宫(船宫)一种船只般的景象。塔维利宫位于卡普尔塔拉奥的南侧。池塘的西侧有一个八角形亭子,北边缘也有一些被毁坏的突出结构。卡普尔塔拉奥内还有一个平台状结构的遗迹。

- 卡普尔塔拉奥湖 (贾哈兹宫东侧的湖泊)。 这个长方形的池塘比曼朱塔拉奥小得多,四面都铺有石板。卡普尔塔拉奥和曼朱塔拉奥一起,使得贾哈兹宫(船宫)看起来像一艘船。塔维利宫位于卡普尔塔拉奥的南侧。池塘的西侧有一个八角形亭子,北缘也有几处被毁坏的突出结构。卡普尔塔拉奥内还有一个平台状结构的遗迹。

- Gada Shah's Shop. Gada Shah's Shop is a massive two-storey structure. Sadly nothing is known about Gada Khan. Also nothing is also known about the purpose of the massive building. There are even doubts whether it is a shop or something else. There are remains of octagonal structure behind the Gada Shah's Shop and the front part has two step wells.

- Adheri Bawdi (Dark Step Well). This is the first of the step wells in Gada Shah,s Shop complex. The large circular well lies inside a rectangular walled walled structure making the interiors dark, hence the name Adhheri Bawdi (Dark Stepwell). Spiral steps along the inner wall of the well leads to the water.

- Ujawala Bawdi (Illuminated Step Well). This is the second stepwell of the Gada Shah's Shop complex. It is an open well and the interiors are lit up by sunlight giving the name Ujawala Bawadi (Illuminated Stepwell). Two flight of zigzag stairs lead to the water of the rectangular well.

Rewa Kund group
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This area at the southern edge of Mandu is famous for the eternal love story of Baz Bahadur and Roopmoti. Baz Bahadur was an independent sultan of Mandu who ruled between 1554 – 1561. Baz Bahadur fell in love with shepherd girl by the name of Roopmati. In 1561 the mighty Mughal army attacked Baz Bahadur's kingdom and Baz Bahadur was no match for the mighty Mughal army. Baz Bahadur fled and Roopmati committed suicide by consuming poison.Numerous ballads and legends were spun and weaved glorifying their eternal love affair. Even today the balladeers of Malwa still sing of the immortal romance of Baz Bahadur and Roopmati.
- Rewa Kund. The lake of Rewa Kund is situated at the southern end of the Mandu Plateau, the Narmada River flows far below in the Nimar planes at a distance of about 50 km but according to legend the lake is connected to the river. Although not on the river bank Rewa Kund is part of the Narmada Parikrama pilgrimage and pilgrims have to make a detour to the lake to complete the parikrama. The lake measuring 230 feet in north - south direction and 170 feet in east - west direction. A series of steps passing through multiple arches leads down to the water at the north east corner of the lake. The lake predates Baz Bahadur and Roopmati and probably even the Sultanate period of Mandu.

- Baz Bahadur's Palace. On the eastern side of the Rewa Kund stands the Palace of Baz Bahadur. Baz Bahadur’s Palace was originally built by Sultan Nasiruddin Shah in 1509 and subsequently enlarged by Baz Bahadur (1554 – 61). It contains some amazing acoustics and sound made in one part of the palace can be heard at the other end. The place is approached with a long flight of shallow stairs. On the left of the stairs is an arched colonnade. It serves as an aqueduct for bringing water from the Rewa Kund to Baz Bahadur’s Palace. Entry of the palace is through a zigzag path through a huge archway. The path leads to a large courtyard on the northern side of the palace. The courtyard is centred round a swimming pool. The southern side of the palace also host a similar courtyard, much smaller in size and minus the swimming pool. The terrace contains two domed pavilions. Each of the pavilions stand on twelve pillars and each side have equal triple arches. The terrace provides great views including that of Roopmati Pavilion, located atop a nearby hill.

- Rani Roopmati Pavilion. Like the Baz Bahadur Palace the Roopmati Pavilion also predates Baz Bahadur. Going by its strategic location on a hill top at the very southern end of the plateau, it is quiet likely it served as a military outpost keeping an eye on invading armies. It was later converted into a pleasure house by Baz Bahadur for his favourite lover Roopmati, who is to graze at the Narmada from the pavilion. The pavilion consists of two structure built at different level. The base of the upper structure coincides with the top of the lower structure and thus providing a double storied appearance. The overall structure is U - shaped with a neatly maintained garden in the middle. The Roppmati’s Pavilion contains massive arched passages complete with water channels to keep the palace cool from the scorching heat of Mandu. The terrace provides great views of the Nimar plains stretching all the way to the Narmada River. Like the Baz Bahadur's Palace the terrace contains two domed pavilions. It was probably from here Roopmati watched the Narmada flow and refused to eat, when the river was not visible.

Darya Khan's Tomb group
[edit]

This is the smallest of the Mandu groups. The Darya Khan Tomb Complex is located on the eastern side of the main street of Mandu. The Hathi Paga Palace is located behind the Darya Khan Tomb Complex and is approached by a dirt trail just south of Darya Khan Complex. The Roja ki Makbar is located on the western side of the main road. It is not on the main road and a winding dirt road leads to the Makbar.
- Darya Khan's Tomb Complex. Darya Khan was a minister in the court of Mahmud Khalji II. The walled tomb complex is centred round the tomb of Darya Khan, with its massive tomb. The complex also houses another tomb, Darya Khan’s Mosque, Lal Sarai (Sarai means inn) and Somvati Kund (Kund means pond). The entry to the complex is through the west. Straight ahead is the Somvati Kund and beyond that is the Tomb of Darya Khan, which is also enclosed by a high wall. On the right is the Lal Sarai and on the left is the mosque. The other tomb lies on the north east of the mosque.
- Darya Khan's Tomb. The massive dome of Darya Khan's Tomb towering above a series of trees, still dominates the Mandu sky line. The tomb is enclosed by a high wall, so is the entire complex. The entrance of the tomb compound is through the north west corner. The inner side of the boundary wall contains arched passageways and the corners are crowned with domes, of which the south - east has collapsed. The massive sand stone tomb stands on a high plinth at the very centre of the tomb complex. At the center is the massive dome and the four corners also houses smaller domes. The entry inside the tomb is through eastern and southern side. In the other two side the entrance is blocked with decorative sandstone lattice work.

- Darya Khan's Mosque. The small mosque has a central dome. The northern and southern sides have three small domes each. The corners are marked with small turrets.The entrance on the east is flanked with 9 arches, The central arches is flanked on either side by smaller arches.

- Unknown Tomb. This unknown tomb lies a couple of yards north - east of the mosque. A small tomb with a unknown occupant. The entrance is on the south through a triple arched entrance. The flat roof contains a large dome the corners are flanked with smaller domes. The central dome is plane while the corner ribbed and are garlic shaped.

- Lal Sarai (Red Inn). Lal Sari, literally meaning the Red Inn, was a guest house for travellers who visited Mandu. It lies on the right side of the entrance and on the south - west corner of Dary Khan's Tomb.The structure consists of a series on rooms arranged in a rectangle, surrounding a large open courtyard.

- Somvati Kund. This small pond lies east of Darya Khan's Tomb. The pond known as Somvati Kund is stone lined on all sides. As of 2020, it is fenced off to prevent accident.

- Darya Khan's Tomb. The massive dome of Darya Khan's Tomb towering above a series of trees, still dominates the Mandu sky line. The tomb is enclosed by a high wall, so is the entire complex. The entrance of the tomb compound is through the north west corner. The inner side of the boundary wall contains arched passageways and the corners are crowned with domes, of which the south - east has collapsed. The massive sand stone tomb stands on a high plinth at the very centre of the tomb complex. At the center is the massive dome and the four corners also houses smaller domes. The entry inside the tomb is through eastern and southern side. In the other two side the entrance is blocked with decorative sandstone lattice work.
- Hathi Paga Palace (Elephant Foot Palace). Hathi Paga Mahal, literally meaning Elephant Leg Palace, (also referred as Hati Mahal). is a domed structure located on the south - eastern side of the Darya Khan Tomb Complex. The four massive pillars supporting the structure represents the elephant's leg and hence the name. It is crowned with a massive dome. It was probably built as a pleasure resort but later converted into a tomb. It contains the mortal remains of a unknown person and he is buried below the tomb. A flight of stairs leads to the underground crypt, but sadly the passageway have been blocked off. On the western side of the tomb is a small mosque crowned with three domes. A stairways leads to the mosque terrace offering great views of the surrounding, including the Darya Khan Tomb Complex.

- Roja ki Makbar. This is located on the opposite side of the Dary Khan’s Tomb Complex and is approached by a dirt road. Roja or Khadija Bibi, was a women Sufi saint, probably the one of its kind in the whole of Mandu. She was cremated inside the tomb. The black stoned built domed structure has an arched entrance on the western side and there are several other graves inside the tomb.

Sagar Talao group
[edit]


The Sagar Talao is a large lake on the southern side of Mandu. The road on the eastern edge of the lake leads to the Royal Enclave on the north and on the south it leads to Rewa Kund Group. The historic structures of the Sagar Talao Group are located on the eastern side of the road. For tourist staying in the Madhya Pradesh Tourism Malawa Resort Sagar Talao Group can be best explored by an early morning walk,
- Malik Mughith's Mosque. A south ward walk along the main road of Mandu leads to Sagar Talao on the left. Just after reaching the lake a dirt road on the left (there is a signage) leads to the Sagar Talao group. The dirt road leads to the Malik Mughith's Mosque and Carava Sarai. The two structure face each other with Malik Mughith's Mosque on the east.The entrance of the mosque is through the center of the eastern side. On the either side of the entrance and along the plinth are 12 arches, six on each side. these lead to rooms. The rooms probably served as quarters for the mosque staff. A long flight of stairs leads to a domed entrance. Sadly the dome has long collapsed and have most of the pillars, which once held the dome. A Persian inscription at the mosque entrance mention that the mosque was constructed in 1432. The entrance leads to an open courtyard, with pillared passageways on all four sides. The centre of the western side is crowned with a dome. There are also domes on the south – western and north – western corners. The western end contains, three passage ways separated by beautifully decorated columns. Just south of the mosque is a ruined structure which probably served as the Imam's house.

- Caravan Sarai. Sari, literally meaning inn, is a guest house. As a citadel Mandu flourished as a flourishing trading centre attracting traders and travellers from far and wide. No wonder these men needed place to stay and eat, the saris or inns provided accommodations to the travellers visiting Mandu. Today the ruined citadel of Mandu contains several ruined sarais and the Carava Sarai of Sagar Talao is the largest of them. The entrance of the Caravan Sarai is through a massive arched gateway on the western side. The gate is high enough to allow camels and elephants to enter the inn. Built in 1437 it consists of a simple architecture with a large open courtyard along with rooms on all four sides.

- Dai ki Chhoti Bahin ka Mahal. On the south west corner of the Caravan Sarai is a domed structure known as the Dai ki Chhoti Behen ka Mahal. The structure consists of a domed mausoleum along with a mosque. Dai literally means mid - wife or nurse and choti bahin means younger sister hence the tomb belonged to a younger sister of a nurse. No wonder the nurse definitely had a high status, but sadly nothing is known about her. Just south of the Dai ki Chhoti Bahin ka Mahal is a remains of a Mughal styled char bagh garden known as Lal Bagh.

- Dai ka Mahal. 字面意思是“助产士或护士的房子”,与“Dai ki Chhoti Bahin ka Mahal”一样,它也是一个陵墓与清真寺的结合体。同样,关于这位护士和她宏伟陵墓的故事,我们一无所知。八角形的建筑矗立在高高的基座上,顶部有一个巨大的圆顶。圆顶建在一个八角形的鼓形结构上,每角都有小圆顶。奇怪的是里面没有坟墓。清真寺在西侧,大部分早已倒塌,只剩下北部和南部墙壁的痕迹,以及两个圆顶。

- 未知陵墓 (Adhar Dome). 在“Dai ka Mahal”的西侧,有一个巨大的圆顶建筑,印度考古调查局(ASI)将其描述为“未知陵墓”。有些历史学家称之为“Adhar Dome”。同样,关于这座宏伟陵墓的墓主,我们一无所知。这是一座两层建筑,南侧有楼梯。其余三面各有七个拱形入口。楼梯通向第一层,第一层是一个平台,陵墓位于第二层。这座方形陵墓的四面都有拱形入口,顶部有一个巨大的圆顶。这是萨加尔塔拉奥(Sagar Talao)建筑群中最大、最显眼的建筑。

- Jali Mahal (格子宫) (萨加尔塔拉奥以北,一个小土丘顶上). 这座小建筑位于萨加尔塔拉奥(Sagar Talao)以南一个小土丘的顶端。“Jali”意为装饰性格子屏风,“Mahal”意为宫殿或房屋。但这座建筑是一座装饰有格子屏风的陵墓。

其他纪念碑
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除了五个主要建筑群外,曼杜还散布着一些其他建筑,无法归入任何一组。
- 客栈 (Sarai). 在其鼎盛时期,曼杜是一个繁荣的贸易中心,吸引了来自世界各地的旅客和商人。难怪曼杜曾有许多客栈(sarais)为这些旅客提供住所。曼杜的平原上至今仍散布着一系列的客栈。这座小客栈位于曼杜南北道路的西侧,在 Darya Khan Group 和 Royal Group 之间。它是一个有九个拱形入口的小客栈。

- Lohani Caves (洛哈尼洞穴). Lohani Caves are a set of ancient caves located on the western edge of Mandu. The caves predates the Sultanate period of Mandu. They are Hindu caves dedicated to Lord Shiva. The caves are free of any ornamentation or statues, although according to historical records several statues of Hindu gods and goddesses were found from the caves. Although not much of historical importance the Lohani Caves offer great views of sunset.

- Chhapan Mahal (五十六宫). 虽然被称为“Mahal”或宫殿,但这座建筑实际上是一座陵墓,与曼杜的许多其他陵墓一样,其墓主身份不明。Chappan 意为“五十六”,据传说,1899年(当地日历年为1956年)该地区发生了一场饥荒。为了提供工作和报酬,当地国王承担了建造这座建筑的重任,因此得名 Chappan Mahal。这座方形建筑顶部有一个巨大的圆顶。陵墓位于一堵墙的建筑群内。该建筑群内还有一个小型现场博物馆。它位于中心建筑群的正南方。

- Ek-khamba Mahal (单柱宫). 这座建筑位于 Chhapan Mahal 的西南方向,稍微偏离公路,里面有一个单圆顶陵墓。同样,墓主身份不明。

- Chorkot 和 Chhappan Mahal 之间的陵墓和清真寺. 该建筑群位于 Ek - khamba Mahal 的南部,位于主路旁,对于向南行驶的旅客来说,它会在右侧。该建筑群由一个带圆顶的方形陵墓和一个后方的三个圆顶的清真寺组成。陵墓的墓主身份不明。

- Chorkot Mosque (乔尔科特清真寺). 这个小型建筑群位于未知陵墓和清真寺的南部,在同一侧的道路旁。由于它离城市有点远,废弃的建筑曾是盗贼和反社会人士的避难所。因此得名 chorkot(chor 意为盗贼,kot 意为堡垒)。该建筑遵循曼杜其他建筑群的标准格式,前面有一个单圆顶陵墓,后面是一个三圆顶建筑。

- Nil Kanth Palace (尼尔坎特宫). Nilkanth Palace 或 Mahal 曾是一座供奉湿婆神的寺庙。后来被阿克巴大帝的将军 Budag Khan 改建为享乐宫殿。它位于 Chorkot Mosque 的南部,在同一侧的道路旁。一条蜿蜒的小路从主路下降到 Nilkanth Palace。除了历史意义,这个地方还拥有极美的自然风光。北侧可以俯瞰曼杜起伏翠绿的景色。U 形宫殿以一个八角形水池为中心,南侧是开放的。一系列水道将水引入水池。宫殿墙壁上的波斯铭文讲述了 Mahal 或 Palace 的故事。如今,寺庙又恢复了作为活跃寺庙的功能。

Gates
[]

曼杜的城塞有许多城门。其中一些城门只是简单的拱形门,而不少则装饰精美,并配有防御工事。防御工事包括卫兵房、城垛和瞭望塔。由于曼杜主要被德里苏丹国和莫卧儿帝国统治,因此大多数城门都位于通往城塞的北侧。通往曼杜的蜿蜒道路上有一系列五个城门。其他入口处也有一些较小的城门。
- 德里门 (Delhi Gate). 德里门是曼杜北部城门中最南端的,位于 Gada Shah's Shop 的正北方。这座巨大的城门由几个拱门组成,并配有卫兵房和瞭望塔,可能曾是德里苏丹和莫卧儿王朝的皇家入口。这座城门是皇室成员使用的,绕过了 Kamani 和 Gadi Darwaza。至今,仍有一系列台阶从北侧通往德里门。如今,可以通过一连串的台阶到达这座城门,尽管大部分已经倒塌,但它仍然令人赞叹。

- Gadi Darwaza (加迪门). Gadi Darwaza 位于 Delhi Darwaza 的东边,就在通往曼杜的北侧主路上。这座巨大的拱门建筑带有卫兵房,位于一个发夹弯的边缘。

- Kamani Darwaza (卡马尼门). 这座门位于 Delhi Gate 的北边,是曼杜北部入口一系列城门的一部分。它建成了三拱门,但其中一个拱门已经倒塌。

- Bhangi Darwaza (巴吉门). Bhangi 意为“清洁工”,根据当地传说,清洁工是好运的象征。传说一位清洁工被杀并埋在这座城门下。另一个传说说,清洁工被安排在这座城门,为曼杜的游客带来好运。这座城门几乎没有遗留下来。顶部早已倒塌,只有小侧部分是这座古老城门仅存的部分。

- Alamgir Darwaza (阿拉姆吉尔门). Alamgir Darwaza 是第一座迎接北方来客的城门。一座宏伟的拱门建筑,迎接游客进入曼杜城塞。

- Sonegarh Darwaza (索内加尔门). Sonegarh Daewaza 位于曼杜城塞的西南部,拥有一座完整的堡垒式建筑。它偏离公路,可以通过一条土路到达。

活动
[]购物
[]餐饮
[]
Malwa Resort 的餐厅提供日常印度菜肴,靠近 Jami Masjid。
您可以在耆那教寺庙品尝到传统的 daal-baati(一种由扁豆和烘烤的硬面包制成的菜肴)。
尝试一下马拉瓦地区的当地特色菜,daal-bafla(扁豆加烘烤的硬面包)和 daal-paniya(扁豆加水饺)。
- Shivani Restaurant (希瓦尼餐厅), 主路, ☏ +91 72922 63202. 虽然质量参差不齐,但它确实提供当地地区的菜肴,包括 Dal Bafla。
饮品
[]- 猴面包树果汁. 源自非洲的猴面包树在曼杜生长茂盛。当地人称之为mandu ka imli(曼杜的罗望子)。猴面包树果肉晒干后磨成粉。将粉末与水和少许糖混合制成汁液。这是一种酸味饮料,在夏天尤其提神。 ₹20.
- Nimboo pani (柠檬水). Nimboo pani(印度式柠檬水)非常受欢迎且随处可见,是一种在曼杜随处可见的清爽美味饮品。 ₹10.
住宿
[]- Jami Masjid 前的寺庙. 截至 2009 年 12 月,Jami Masjid 前的寺庙提供价格合理的住宿(当时为 ₹250),适合不想要空调或豪华房间的过夜者。
- The Rest House (旅馆). 房间类似。
- Malwa Resort (马拉瓦度假村). 由 MP Tourism 运营。20 间小屋 - 10 间带空调,10 间不带空调。

- Malwa Retreat (马拉瓦度假村). 由 MP Tourism 运营。8 间客房 - 2 间带空调,6 间不带空调。

- Hotel Roopmati (鲁普马蒂酒店).

- Hotel Royal Palace (Jami Masjid 附近), ☏ +91 99 77 078671.
- Jahaz Mahal Hotel (贾哈兹宫酒店), Dhar Rd, ☏ +91 7292 263272. 一家位于 Sagar Talao 东岸的私人酒店。

- ASI Guest House (ASI 宾馆), Taveli Mahal, Royal Enclave, ☏ +91 755 2558250.

下一站
[]- Maheshwar (马赫什瓦尔) (41 km)
- Omkareshwar (89公里)
- Indore (99公里)
- Hanuwantiya
