米斯特拉斯, 伯罗奔尼撒

伯罗奔尼撒 是希腊南部的一个半岛。曾今通过科林斯地峡与大陆相连，现在通过狭窄的科林斯运河与大陆隔开，运河上方有连接伯罗奔尼撒和阿提卡的桥梁。

地区

阿哈伊亚

Arcadia

阿戈利斯

Corinthia

Elis

拉科尼亚

墨西拿

城市

进入科林斯地峡

• 1 Loutraki — 一个安静的度假胜地，有非常好的酒店、海滩和赌场。
• 2 Corinth — 一个不起眼的港口城镇。可以作为迈锡尼的基地。几英里外有古希腊最早文明之一的遗迹——古科林斯。

沿西北路线

• 3 Patras — pretty nondescript city, the third largest in Greece. Main point of arrival for ferries from Italy and Ionian islands.
• 4 Ancient Olympia — 奧林匹克運動會的發源地。
• 5 Amaliada —
• 6 Elafonisos
• 7 Kyparissia — The nice town in the center of Kyparissian Gulf.
• 8 Pylos — SouthwestVery picturesque city. Many French-style buildings, as well as a marina and a gloriously shady square.
• 9 Methoni — Pylos south of a seaside town. Its main feature is a spectacularly positioned and well preserved castle, which contains both Venetian and Ottoman elements. The town itself is also pleasingly old, and there is a small but delightful beach near the castle.
• 10 Koroni — About 30 minutes drive further on from Finikounda is Koroni, a fishing village which snuggles beneath its great Venetian fortress that overlooks the beautiful harbourfront with pavement cafes and fish restaurants with fresh local produce and authentic Greek cuisine. Just before Koroni is the beautiful Zaga unspoilt beach and beyond are many other beaches.
• 11 Kalamata — Messinia Province's main city. Famous for its olives but also a pleasant city with an attractive seafront and stylish new marina.

沿中部路线

• 12 Nemea — A typical town of the area, hosting interesting ancient and Byzantine monuments.
• 13 Tripoli — The center of the administrative area, the third biggest.
• 14 Ano Doliana — Small and scenic mountainous village, mildly touristic, with beautiful views of the Tripoli plateau and the surrounding region. Almost deserted by its inhabitants during winter and revived during summer.
• 15 Sparta — This historic city has a population of 10,000. It has two main arteries which make navigation really easy. To the west of the City is the beautiful, rugged Mt. Taygetos.
• 16 Mystras — The Byzantine city of Mystras is a short 15-minute ride from Sparta. This has relics worthy of a visit.
• 17 Gytheion — A small fishing village. Nice seafood restaurants with plenty of beaches in the area mostly frequented by locals. Nearby Caves of Dyros is a large limestone cave system which is toured on a boat. Here you will find the point where Helen of Troy is said to have started the Trojan War. "The woman who launched a thousand ships."

沿东部路线

• 18 Argos — One of the oldest cities of Europe, Argos boasts some ancient ruins including an amphitheater, as well as a medieval castle.
• 19 Nafplio — A good base to explore surrounding area which includes Epidaurus theater and Mycenae.
• 20 Spetses —
• 21 Poros —
• 22 Hydra —
• 23 Tolo —
• 24 Epidaurus — A picturesque seaside village, nearby one of the most famous ancient theaters. Catch an ancient play in the summertime.
• 25 Leonidio — A typical well preserved old town of the area
• 26 Kyparissi — A small (population approx. 400), beautiful village, combining sea and mountains. Ideal for mountain ramblers.
• 27 Monemvassia — The Rock of Gibraltar of Greece. Really pretty with an ancient walled city.
• 28 Methana

沿西部路线

• 卡洛内罗（基帕里西亚）- 今天，该村庄已发展成为一个组织良好、设施齐全的旅游度假胜地，提供酒吧、公寓、咖啡馆和漂亮的海滩。家庭旅馆 Irida Resort 位于 Paralia，是卡洛内罗最成功的旅游度假区的文化绿洲。
• 贾洛瓦 - 位于西南部皮洛斯附近一个风景异常优美的渔村。有几家不错的酒店可供住宿，还有一个极好的露营地。村里还有几家不错的餐馆，价格都不算贵。
• 菲尼昆达 - 距离梅索尼约10分钟车程的一个小镇。它更具旅游气息，但提供美丽的海滩和一些不错的酒馆。

沿中部路线

• 卢西奥斯山谷 - 希腊独立革命的摇篮，周围环绕着美丽的村庄和历史遗迹。
• 马尼 - 欧洲大陆的东南端，历史上最艰苦的地方之一，现在拥有许多有趣的村庄、景色和海滩。

沿东部路线：波尔托赫利，一个海滨度假区

了解

历史

From the 6th century BC, Sparta dominated the Peloponnese, and compelled its neighbours, including Arcadia, to join its Peloponnesian League and fight in its wars. The Spartan military dominance that enabled this interference in Arcadian affairs was suddenly ended in 371 BC, when Epaminondas and his Theban army decisively defeated a Spartan army at Leuctra. In the aftermath, the Arcadian League was formed, combining various cities of Arcadia into a federal league. After its establishment, the Arcadian League took an active role in the politics of the Peloponnese. However, by 362 BC, the question of whether to continue as an ally of Thebes had become so pressing as to divide the Arcadian League. The cities of the league therefore ended up fighting on different sides at the Battle of Mantinea. After the battle, and the end of the Theban hegemony, the influence of the Arcadian League diminished. Although it never regained the prominence it had held during the 360s, an Arcadian league in some form—whether a continuation or a recreation of the original league is unclear—continued to exist in the years after the Battle of Mantinea. Various references indicate that the league endured at least into the 3rd century BC. The date of its final disappearance is uncertain, but at the latest it had vanished by the 230s BC, when the Arcadian cities joined the Achaean League.

After the collapse of the Roman power in the west, Arcadia became part of the Byzantine Empire. Arcadia remained a rustic, secluded area, and its inhabitants became proverbial as primitive herdsmen leading simple pastoral unsophisticated yet happy lives, to the point that Arcadia may refer to some imaginary idyllic paradise, immortalized by Virgil's Eclogues, and later by Jacopo Sannazaro in his pastoral masterpiece, Arcadia (1504). After the fourth crusade, the area became a part of the Principality of Achaea. In the mid-15th century, the region fell into the hands of the Ottoman Turks with some exceptions in the 16th century for a couple of years. The Latin phrase Et in Arcadia ego which is usually interpreted to mean "I am also in Arcadia" or "I am even in Arcadia" is an example of memento mori, a cautionary reminder of the transitory nature of life and the inevitability of death. The phrase is most often associated with a 1647 painting by Nicolas Poussin, also known as "The Arcadian Shepherds". In the painting the phrase appears as an inscription on a tomb discovered by youthful figures in classical garb.

经过400年的奥斯曼统治，阿卡迪亚成为希腊独立战争的中心，在特里波利的一场战役中取得了胜利。经过一场胜利的革命战争，阿卡迪亚最终被并入新成立的希腊国家。阿卡迪亚经历了经济增长和少量移民。20世纪，阿卡迪亚因移民（主要是前往美洲）而经历了大量人口流失。许多阿卡迪亚村庄失去了一半以上的人口，人们担心它们会变成鬼城。阿卡迪亚现在的人口比科林西亚少。

气候

气候：东部、南部、低洼地区以及海拔低于1000米的中部地区夏季炎热，冬季温和。阿卡迪亚其他地区主要在秋季和冬季降雨。山区，如西部和北部大部分地区、泰格特斯地区、马伊纳隆地区，冬季常有降雪。

对话

请参阅该国层面的讨论区以获得完整讨论。

该地区讲希腊语，以及为游客服务的常用外语，如英语或德语。

抵达

• 从雅典出发，可乘汽车或巴士；有车可以方便地在中途停靠，前往伯罗奔尼撒的大部分地区。纳夫普利翁车程2小时，斯巴达约4小时，帕特雷约2.5小时，卡拉马塔约3小时45分钟（直达快巴3小时）。
• 从雅典出发，乘坐火车，使用雅典市郊铁路（Proastiakos Athens），从雅典国际机场沿北线前往基阿托和埃伊奥，甚至通过巴士（持同一张票）前往帕特雷。
• From Athens, by ferry from Piraeus port to the Saronic islands of Poros or Hydra or Spetses. For accessing the mainland using the same ferry one can get off at the port of Methana or Galatas (through Poros town) or Costa. There are car rental agencies also there.
• 从希腊西部/伊庇鲁斯经里奥-安提里奥大桥前往帕特雷。
• 每天有许多渡轮从意大利和爱奥尼亚群岛前往帕特雷港。

四处逛逛

通常是汽车或KTEL巴士。如果时刻表合适，火车有时可以提供一种舒适且更便宜的选择。截至2011年1月，除雅典至基阿托至帕特雷的北部线路外，所有线路均已取消。

看

古代和历史遗迹

埃皮库洛斯神庙

• 古科林斯。圣保罗曾在此生活和传教的著名城镇遗迹。附近有卫城科林斯城堡和对面的潘特斯科伊菲。
• 古代奥林匹亚：最初的奥林匹克运动会是为了纪念宙斯而在奥林匹亚举行的。
• 迈锡尼：从宫殿所在的山丘上，您可以眺望到阿尔戈利斯的萨罗尼克湾。
• 埃皮达鲁斯 - 古代剧院：古希腊位于萨罗尼克湾的一个小城邦。是世界上最宏伟的古代剧院之一。
• 纳夫普利翁。它是希腊伯罗奔尼撒半岛一个美丽的海港城镇。
• 曼提尼亚，古镇遗迹
• 涅墨亚,
• 埃皮库罗斯阿波罗神庙，位于中西部，在巴萨伊 — 一个联合国教科文组织世界遗产。由于神庙状况脆弱，它被一个巨大的帐篷覆盖以保护它免受天气侵蚀。
• 希罗德·阿提库斯别墅，希罗德·阿提库斯古罗马别墅，位于多利亚纳社区郊区。
• 皮洛斯 : 伯罗奔尼撒西海岸的一个大海湾和城镇。
• 卢西奥斯河谷的历史村庄。位于西北阿卡迪亚。最著名的是迪米特萨纳。它建在古城泰乌提斯（Teuthis）的废墟上。所有这些都在1821年的希腊独立战争中扮演了角色。
• 帕特雷的罗马遗迹和相关博物馆。
• 西北部的赫勒穆奇中世纪城堡。

自然奇观

• 科林斯运河 : 建造者在海平面上挖通了地峡。它长6.3公里（3.9英里），建于1881年至1893年之间。
• 迪罗斯洞穴，位于希腊拉科尼亚马尼的同名城镇附近。
• 拉东河：河流被拟人化，并被认为引诱仙女和人类少女并生育子女。
• 卢西奥斯河和内达河谷
• 齿轨火车，迪亚科夫托-卡拉夫里塔
• 波尔图卡吉奥或波尔图凯伊奥，东欧大陆和希腊大陆的南端

其他

• 1 Dimitrios shipwreck (A few km east of Gythio). A shipwreck slowly rusting away on a sandy beach. Easy to be seen when coming from the west, easily overlooked when coming from the east. (updated Sep 2018)

活动

• 科林斯运河蹦极

• 祖鲁蹦极, ☏ +30 210 514-7051, +30 6932 702-535. 4月：周日 12:00-18:00；5月、10月：周六、周日 12:00-18:00；6月-9月：周二-周日 10:00-18:00。12月-3月休息。. 

• Windsurfing
• 白水活动。

供应商

• 阿尔卑斯俱乐部.
• 希腊徒步.

• Yachting

购物

• 念珠（担忧珠），最好的在纳夫普利翁。
• 来自菲尼昆达附近 Atelier Sud 艺术画廊的陶瓷和雕塑。

餐饮

• “Psistaria”或“Souvla”（意为烤肉，也指烤肉架）
• Gourounopoula（烤猪肉），
• Arnaki Souvlas（烤羊肉）
• Kontosouvli（通常是烤制的猪肉块）
• Pasto（烟熏猪肉）
• Loukaniko（带有橙子的地区香肠），来自南部地区。
• Kokoras Krasatos 或 Kokoras Horiatikos（酒 sauce 炖公鸡或乡村炖公鸡）
• Gida vrasti（山羊炖肉），来自东北部地区。

任何当地生产的橄榄（特别是西南部）、葡萄（特别是东北部）和橙子（特别是东北部）。

其他典型的希腊菜肴，如：Horiatiki Salata（混合沙拉）、Tyri Saganaki（炸奶酪）、Kokkinisto（番茄酱炖肉）、Tyropitakia（奶酪馅饼）、Souvlaki、Pastitsio（烤箱意面）、Gemista（酿蔬菜）等。

饮品

• Ouzo（利口酒）
• Tsipouro（葡萄烈酒）
• Agiorgitiko，干白葡萄酒
• Mavrodafni，帕特雷地区的甜红葡萄酒
• Moschato，甜红葡萄酒
• Moschofilero，干白葡萄酒
• Xinomavro，干红葡萄酒
• Frappe（咖啡）

注意安全

总的来说，希腊是一个相当安全的地方，尽管这里也存在一些臭名昭著的危险：城市和较大城镇的扒手，以及夜间的醉酒游客。

下一站

• Stay in Nafplio and drive in radial directions to ancient sightseeing (Ancient Olympia, Epidaurus, Mycenae, Argos, Corinth, Mystra, Sparta), one destination a day.
• 从伯罗奔尼撒西北部的基利尼港出发，渡轮服务于爱奥尼亚群岛的凯法利尼亚岛和扎金索斯岛。
• 从帕特雷港每天有许多渡轮前往意大利。
• 从基西拉岛每隔几天有船前往克里特岛。