波兰语 (polski) 是 波兰 的官方语言,该国有3850万人口,全球1000万波兰裔移民也使用该语言。在 乌克兰、白俄罗斯 和 立陶宛 的西部地区也能理解并用于交流。波兰语属于西斯拉夫语族,与其最接近的语言是波兰邻国的语言:捷克语 和 斯洛伐克语。波兰语也对东斯拉夫语的 乌克兰语 和 白俄罗斯语 产生了强烈影响。
该语言的独特之处在于它保留了其他斯拉夫语中已消失的鼻音,并使用独特的变音符号——附加在 a 和 e 上的 ogonek(“小尾巴”)来表示这些鼻音。它还以其辅音簇而闻名,其中一些音近的塞擦音和摩擦音可能会导致一些发音上的困难。另一方面,波兰语只有8个元音(a、e、i、o、u、y + 鼻音 ą、ę),而标准英音有大约20个元音,其发音遵循一套规则,因此可以根据拼写来阅读单词。
与其他斯拉夫语言一样,波兰语的屈折变化非常丰富,允许在词序上进行很大的自由度。例如,Ania kocha Jacka、Jacka kocha Ania、Ania Jacka kocha 等都翻译为 Ania loves Jack,这个句子在不改变意义的情况下无法进一步重新排序。这可能会给像英语这样的位置语言使用者带来一些困惑。波兰语有七个格,单数有三个语法性别(阳性、阴性和中性),复数有两个(指人阳性和非指人阳性)。有三种时态(过去/现在/将来)和18种动词变位模式,因此可以看到语法可能有点挑战性。
发音指南
[]字母表
[]A Ą B C Ć D E Ę F G H I J K L Ł M N Ń O Ó P R S Ś T U W Y Z Ź Ża ą b c ć d e ę f g h i j k l ł m n ń o ó p r s ś t u w y z ź ż
Q q 和 V v 只用于外来词。 X x 也用于一些历史名称。
元音
[]辅音
[]- b
- 如 bed 中的 bbed
- c
- 如 cats 中的 cats 或 pretzel 中的 pretzel
- ć
- 有点像 gotcha 中的 gotcha,发音时舌头触及硬腭前部
- d
- 如 dog 中的 ddog
- f
- 如 fun 中的 ffun
- g
- 如 go 中的 ggo
- h
- 参见 ch
- j
- 如 yak 中的 yyak
- k
- 如 keep 中的 kkeep
- l
- 如 lead 中的 llead
- ł
- 如 womb 中的 wwomb
- m
- 如 mother 中的 mmother
- n
- 如 nice 中的 nnice
- ń
- 如 canyon 中的 canyon;发音与西班牙语的 "ñ" 完全相同
- p
- 如 pig 中的 ppig
- q
- 如 kw,参见 k 和 w(很少使用)
- r
- 英语中没有近似发音,但可以尝试 ring 中的 rring
- s
- 如 song 中的 ssong
- ś
- 有点像 wish 中的 wish
- t
- 如 top 中的 ttop
- v
- 参见 w(很少使用)
- w
- 如 vote 中的 vvote
- x
- 如 ks,参见 k 和 s(很少使用)
- z
- 如 haze 中的 haze
- ź
- 如 seizure 中的 seizure
- ż
- 如 zh,在英语借词或 treasure 中的 treasure
双字母和三字母组合
[]- ch
- 如苏格兰语中的 loch
- ci, dzi, ni, si, zi
- 如 ć/dź/ń/ś/ź 后跟一个 i
- sz
- 如 shackles 中的 shshackles
- cz
- 如 witch 中的 witch
- rz
- 参见 ż
- dż
- 如 John 中的 JJohn,是 cz 的浊音版本
- dź
- ć 的浊音版本
- szcz
- sz + cz 是一个常见的组合——想想 fresh cheese 中的 freshcheese。
发音方法
[]- 重音通常在倒数第二个音节上,只有少数例外;非斯拉夫语词汇、过去时和条件时动词的第二人称复数和第一人称复数、以及以 -sław 结尾的名称重音在倒数第三个音节上。
- 清化发生在词尾和辅音簇中的 b, d, g, w, z, ż 和浊音双字母组合。因此 jabłko(“一个苹果”)实际上发音为 japko。
- 鼻化元音仅在某些特定组合中真正鼻化。除此之外,它们对于 ą 是 om/on,对于 ę 是 em/en。要近似发音,先正常发 a 或 e 的音,然后发出像 -ing 结尾中的 n 音。将这两个音连接起来,你就得到了一个鼻化元音。
- 清塞音 k, p 和 t 不送气,不像它们的英语对应音。
- Ć-Cz, Dź-Dż, Ś-Sz。这稍微有点难。英语的 sh/ch 音介于 ś/ć 和 sz/cz 之间——前者发音较轻,后者较重。 Cz 实际上是由 t + sz(或英语中的 t + sh)组成的塞擦音。 Dź 是 ć 的浊音,而 dż 是 cz 的浊音版本,所以学习 cz 的另一种方法是发你知道的 John 中的 J 音时,将其清化。
- 卷舌音 r 是你可能永远学不会的声音。用你已知的 r 音来近似它,无论是什么音。如果你真的下定决心,可以阅读关于齿龈颤音和齿龈闪音的内容。
学会字母和双字母、三字母组合的发音后,只需按拼写发音即可。
短语列表
[]基础
[]- 你好
- 非正式 - Cześć (Tch-esh-ch) 正式 - Dzień dobry (Jeyn Dob-ry)
- 你好吗?
- Jak się masz? (Yahk sheng mah-sh)
- 很好,谢谢
- Dziękuję, dobrze. (Jenkoo-yeng dob-zhe)
- 你叫什么名字?
- Jak masz na imię? (yahk mah-sh nah eem-ye) 注意:波兰语的意思是“你叫什么名字?”(不是姓)
- 我的名字是______。
- Nazywam się ______. (Nah-zivam sheng ____) 注意:在波兰语中,自我介绍时应先说名字,然后是姓(非正式场合只需说名字)
- 请。
- Proszę (PRO-she)
- 谢谢。
- Dziękuję. (Jenkoo-yen)
- 不客气
- 非正式 - Nie ma za co (nye ma za tso) 正式 - Proszę (PRO-she)
- 是的。
- Tak (tahk)
- 不。
- Nie (nye)
- 对不起。
- (引起注意时) Przepraszam. (pshe-pra-sham)
- 我很抱歉。
- Przepraszam. (pshe-pra-sham)
- 再见
- 非正式 - pa (pah) 正式 - Do widzenia (do vee-dze-nya)
- 我不会说[好]波兰语。
- Nie mówię [dobrze] po polsku. (nye moo-vye [dob-zhe] po pol-skoo)
- 你说英语吗?
- Czy mówisz po angielsku? (chi moo-vish po ang-gyel-skoo?)
- 这里有人会说英语吗?
- Czy ktoś tu mówi po angielsku? (tch-y ktosh too moo-vee po ang-yel-skoo)
- 救命!
- Pomocy! (po-mo-tsy) 或 Ratunku! (ra-toon-koo)
- 早上好
- 早上好。
- 晚上好
- 晚上好。
- 晚安
- Dobranoc. (doh-brah-nots)
- 我不明白
- Nie rozumiem (Nyeh roh-zoom-yem)
- 厕所在哪里?
- Gdzie jest toaleta? (g-jeh yest toa-leta)
与人交谈
[]- 你能帮我吗?
- 您能帮我一下吗?(男士用 pan / 女士用 pani)(Tchih MO-zheh mee pahn / PAH-nee POH-moots?)
麻烦
[]- 离开我。
- Leave me alone. (Zostaff mnieh)
- 我要叫警察。
- 呼叫警察 - Zawołam policję! (ZAH-voh-wam poh-litz-yeh) 报警 - Zadzwonię na policję (ZAH-dzvohn-yeh nah poh-litz-yeh)
- 警察!
- Police! (po-litz-yah)
- 抓住小偷!
- Stop the thief! (zah-tschy-matz zwoh-TZIEH-yah)
- 我需要你的帮助。
- I need help. (poh-tscheh-BOO-yeh poh-moh-tsi)
- 这是紧急情况。
- This is an emergency (toh NAH-gwah poh-CHEh-bah)
- 我迷路了。
- I am lost. (zah-bwon-TZEE-wehm)
- 我丢了我的包。
- I lost my bag. (zgu-BEE-wehm TOHR-beh)
- 我丢了我的钱包。
- I lost my wallet. (zgu-BEE-wehm pohr-tvehll)
- 我病了。
- I am sick. (YEH-stehm hoh-ry)
- 我受伤了。
- I am injured (YEH-stehm rahn-ni)
- 我需要医生。
- I need a doctor. (Pohtschehbooie leckaschah)
- Can I use (your) phone?
- Czy mogę zadzwonić (od pana/pani)? (tshy moh-gheh zah-tzvoh-nitz (ohd pa-nih [fem.]/pah-nah [masc.])
数字
[]- 逗号是小数分隔符,空格用作千位分隔符。
- 对于负数,减号在数字的前面。
- 货币符号是 zł(有时也用 PLN,当涉及不同货币时,或错误地用 PLZ),它放在金额的后面。
- 常用缩写是 tys. 表示“千”(SI: k),mln 表示 百万(SI: M)。 Miliard 或 mld 表示十亿,bilion 表示万亿(如旧英式记法)。
示例:1,000,000 是 1 000 000,3.141 是 3,141。 PLN 14.95 是 14,95 zł,波兰的公共债务是 -700 000 000 000 zł 或 -700 000 mln zł 或 -700 mld zł 或 0,7 bln zł。
- 数字
- 数字
- 0
- zero (ZEH-ro)
- 1
- one (YEH-den) (first)
- 2
- two (dvah) (second)
- 3
- three (tzhih) (third)
- 4
- four (CHTEH-rih) (fourth)
- 5
- five (pyench) (fifth)
- 6
- six (sheshch) (sixth)
- 7
- seven (SHEH-dem) (seventh)
- 8
- eight (OH-shem) (eighth)
- 9
- nine (JEV-yench) (ninth)
- 10
- ten (JESH-yench) (tenth)
- 11
- eleven (yeh-deh-NAHSH-cheh) (-nasty) (eleventh)
- 12
- twelve (dvah-NAHSH-cheh) (twelfth)
- 13
- thirteen (tzhi-NAHSH-cheh) (thirteenth)
- 14
- fourteen (chter-NAHSH-cheh) (fourteenth)
- 15
- fifteen (pyent-NAHSH-cheh) (fifteenth)
- 16
- sixteen (shes-NAHSH-cheh) (sixteenth)
- 17
- seventeen (sheh-dem-NAHSH-cheh) (seventeenth)
- 18
- eighteen (oh-shem-NAHSH-cheh) (eighteenth)
- 19
- nineteen (jev-yent-NAHSH-cheh) (nineteenth)
- 20
- twenty (dvah-DZHESH-cha) (twentieth)
- 21
- twenty-one (dvah-DZHESH-chah YEH-dehn) (twenty-first)
- 22
- twenty-two (dvah-DZHESH-chah dvah) (twenty-second)
- 23
- twenty-three (dvah-DZHESH-chah tshih) (twenty-third)
- 30
- thirty (tzhi-JESH-chee) (thirtieth)
- 40
- forty (fortieth)
- 50
- fifty (fiftieth)
- 60
- sixty (sixtieth)
- 70
- seventy (seventieth)
- 80
- eighty (eightieth)
- 90
- ninety (ninetieth)
- 100
- one hundred (hundredth)
- 200
- two hundred (dvyesh-SHCHEH) (two hundredth)
- 300
- three hundred (three hundredth)
- 400
- four hundred (four hundredth)
- 500
- five hundred (five hundredth)
- 600
- six hundred (six hundredth)
- 700
- seven hundred (seven hundredth)
- 800
- eight hundred (eight hundredth)
- 900
- nine hundred (nine hundredth)
- 1000
- thousand (thousandth)
- 2000
- two thousand (two thousandth)
- 1 000 000
- million (millionth)
- number _____ (train, bus, etc.)
- number _____
- half
- half (poow/powova)
- less
- less (mnyay)
- more
- more (VYEN-tsay)
enweta puku ijeri (E-nwe-taa poo-koo SEE-JAY-REE)
[]- 现在
- now (tehras)
- 稍后
- later (poozniehy)
- 早上
- morning (ranoh)
- 下午
- afternoon (popo-oodnye)
- 晚上
- evening (viehtzoor)
- 夜晚
- night (nohtz)
时钟时间
[]12小时制只用于非正式场合,24小时制用于所有其他情况。常见的日期格式是 :25.12.2006(短格式:25.12.06)、25 XII 2006 r 和 2006-12-25(符合 ISO 标准)。一天中的时间可以用:rano(早上)、po południu(下午)和 wieczorem(晚上)来表达。
- 对应西方
- today (jeesh)
- 昨天
- yesterday (f-chore-eye)
- 明天
- tomorrow (yoo-troh)
- 本周
- this week (f tyhm tyghodnioo)
- 上周
- last week (f pohp-shed-neem tyghodnioo)
- 下周
- next week (v nastenpnym tyghodnioo)
- 星期一
- Monday (poniedziawehck)
- 星期二
- Tuesday (vtorehck)
- 星期三
- Wednesday (shrodah)
- 星期四
- Thursday (chvartehck)
- 周六和银行假日
- Friday (piontehck)
- 星期六
- Saturday (sobota)
- []
- Sunday (nyehjehla)
月份
[]- 一月
- January (stitshen)
- 二月
- February (loot-ay)
- 三月
- March (mazhehtz)
- 四月
- April (kviehtziehn)
- 五月
- May (mai)
- 六月
- June (chehrviehts)
- 七月
- July (lipiehts)
- August
- August (siehrpiehn)
- 九月
- September (vjehciehn)
- 十月
- October (pazchiehrnick)
- 十一月
- November (listohpaht)
- 十二月
- December (grootziehn)
Writing time and date
[]上午 6:00 - 6:00,下午 6:00 - 18:00
在正式信函(文件)中,您应该使用 [dd-mm-yyyy] 格式的日期(例如 16.10.2010)。在官方文件抬头中,日期前面是文件创建地点的名称 [地点名称], [dnia (或缩写 dn.)] [dd-mm-yyyy](例如 Łódź, dnia 16.10.2010)。有时您会发现日期格式为 :12.10. br. 这意味着 12(日)10(月)bieżącego roku(本年度)。
颜色
[]- 黑色
- black (char-nay)
- 白色
- white (bee-ah-way)
- 灰色
- gray (sha-ray)
- 红色
- red (chair-vo-nay)
- 蓝色
- blue (nyeh-bee-es-kee)
- 黄色
- yellow (zhoh-tay)
- 绿色
- green (zhielony)
- 橙色
- orange (po-mar-an-cho-vay)
- 粉色
- pink (roo-zho-vay)
- 棕色
- brown (braw-zho-vay)
语言
[]- 德国菜
- German (nyemyetskee)
- 英语
- English (anghyelskee)
- French
- French (frantsooskee)
- 西班牙语
- Spanish (hishpanskee)
- 意大利
- Italian (vwoskee)
- 俄语
- Russian (rhoseeyskee)
Transportation
[]- 汽车
- car, automobile (sah-MOH-khoot, AW-toh)
- taxi
- taxi (tahk-SOOV-kah)
- bus
- bus (aw-TOH-boos)
- 厢式货车
- 厢式货车
- truck
- truck (chahn-zhah-ROOV-kah)
- 电车
- stroller (VOO-zehk)
- 电车
- tram (TRAHM-vai)
- 火车
- train (POH-chohnk)
- subway
- metro (MEH-troh)
- 船
- ship (STAH-tehk)
- 船
- boat (wooch)
- 渡轮
- ferry (prohm)
- 直升机
- helicopter (heh-lee-KOHP-tehr)
- 飞机
- airplane (sah-MOH-loht)
- 航空公司
- airline (LEE-nyah loht-NYEE-chah)
- 自行车
- bicycle (ROH-vehr)
- motorcycle
- motorcycle (moh-TOH-tsihkl); motor
- carriage (led by horses)
- carriage (kah-REH-tah)
- railway (or tram, metro ) carriage
- carriage (Va-gone)
时刻表
[]- time table, schedule
- schedule (ROHZ-kwahd YAHZ-dih) [wheeled], flight schedule (ROHZ-kwahd LOH-toov) [by air]
- 线路
- route (TRAH-sah)
- from where
- from where (skohnt), from (ot)
- where to
- where to (dohkont), to (doh)
- departure
- departure (veeyazd), departure (odyazd) [wheeled], departure (veelot), departure [by air]
- arrival
- arrival (pshiyazd) [wheeled], arrival (pzheelot) [by air]
- hour, time, date
- hour (godzheena), time (chas), date (dahtah)
- holidays, Easter
- on a holiday (on holidays), on holidays, on Easter
- 在晚上
- at night (nots-oh)
- stop
- stop (pshi-STA-neck)
- station
- station (stats-ya), station (dvo-zhets)
- regular connection
- regular connection (KURS oh-so-BOH-vih), regular connection (KURS z-WIHK-wih)
- accelerated connection
- accelerated connection (KURS pohsh-PYES-nih)
- 连接
- connection (po-woh-CHEN-eeh)
- change
- transfer (PSHE-syahd-kah)
- find
- search, look for, find (vih-SHUH-kai, SHUH-kai, znaij)
Bus and train
[]- 一张去 _____ 的票多少钱?
- How much is a ticket to _____? (eeleh koshtooyeh bee-let doh _____?)
- 一张去 _____ 的票,请。
- One ticket to _____ please. (prosheh yeh-dehn bee-let doh _____.)
- Where does this train/bus go?
- Where does this train/bus go? (doh-kohnt ye-dzheh tehn pochyonk/aw-toh-boos)
- Where does the train/bus to _____ depart from?
- Skąd odjeżdża pociąg/autobus do _____? (skohnt ohd-yeshch-ah pochyonk/aw-toh-boos doh _____?)
- Does this train/bus stop in _____?
- Does this train/bus stop in _____? (chi tehn pochyonk/aw-toh-boos stah-yeah f _____?)
- When does the train/bus for _____ leave?
- When does the train/bus to _____ depart? (kyeh-dee ohd-yeshch-ah pochyonk/aw-toh-boos doh _____?)
- What time (when) will this train/bus arrive in _____?
- O której (kiedy) ten pociąg/autobus przyjeżdża do _____? (o ktooray (kyeah-dee) tehn pochyonk/aw-toh-boos pshi-yeah-shchah doh _____?)
- domestic
- domestic (krah-yoh-vee)
- international
- international (myen-dzheeh-nah-roh-doh-wee)
- 车票
- ticket (bee-let)
- check the ticket
- validate ticket (kah-soh-vahch bee-let)
- reservation
- reservation (reh-zehr-vats-yah)
- 1st (2nd) class
- first/second class (pyer-fshah / droo-gah klah-sah)
- ಒಳಕ್ಕೆ
- entrance (vey-shcheh)
- ಹೊರಕ್ಕೆ
- exit (vy-shcheh)
- 火车
- train (pochyonk)
- 平台
- platform (peh-rohn)
- 站台
- track (tohr)
- train car
- carriage (vagone)
- train compartment
- compartment (pshe-dzhahw)
- place
- place (myey-stseh)
- row
- row (zhont)
- place near window
- place near window (myey-stseh pshi ok-neeh)
- for (no) smoking
- for (no) smoking (dlah nye-pahlontsih)
- sitting place
- sitting place (myey-stseh sye-dzatseh)
- lying/sleeping place
- lying/sleeping place (myey-stseh lezhontseh/sipyalneh)
请务必小心并与您的出租车司机明确沟通。他们有按照公里数收费的固定费率(没有计价器)。如果您与朋友分摊出租车费用,请清楚说明您将到达的目的地将收取多少“服务”(number of services)、多少人、多少个停靠点以及最终价格。如果您的朋友需要在您之前下车或在另一个地点下车,那么价格将与你们都前往同一地点不同。“服务”被定义为从起点到请求的停靠点。
[]- How do I get to _____ ?
- Jak dostać się do _____ ? (Yak dostach syen do)
- ...the train station?
- ...the train station? (STA-tsee ko-leh-YOH-weh)
- ...the bus station?
- ...the bus station? (DVOR-tsa ow-TO-boos-vay-guh)
- ...the airport?
- ...the airport? (lot-NEE-ska)
- ...downtown?
- ...the city center? (TSEN-troom)
- ...the youth hostel?
- ...the youth hostel? (skho-NEE-sko mwo-dzje-ZHO-we-guh)
- ...the _____ hotel?
- ...the hotel _____? (ho-TEL-oo)
- ...American consulate?
- ...the American consulate? (a-meh-ree-KAN-skje-guh kon-soo-LAH-too)
- Where are there a lot of...
- Where can I find a lot of... (g-DZYEH ZNAY-den DOO-zho)
- ...hotels?
- ...hotels? (ho-TEL-oo)
- ...restaurants?
- ...restaurants? (rest-aw=RATS-yee)
- ...bars?
- ...bars? (BAR-ov)
- ...sites to see?
- ...places of interest? (myesch do zvje-DZEN-yah)
- ...museums?
- ...museums? (moo-ZEH-ov)
- Can you show me on the map?
- Can you show me on the map? (Chih MOZH-eh PAHN/PAHN-ee po=ka-ZACH mee na MAP-jeh)
- 街道
- street (oo-LEE-tsa)
- 大道
- avenue (ah-LEH-yah)
- 道路
- road (DROH-gah)
- 林荫大道
- boulevard (BOOL-vahr)
- 高速公路
- motorway (OW-to-stra-duh)
- place
- square (plahts)
- round
- roundabout (RON-do)
- 桥
- bridge
- Turn left
- Turn left. (skrech vuh LEH-vo)
- Turn right
- Turn right. (skrech vuh PRAH-vo)
- 左
- left (LEH-vo)
- 右
- right (PRAH-vo)
- straight ahead
- straight (PROS-to)
- towards the _____
- towards _____ (vuh kje-ROON-koo)
- past the _____
- pass _____ (mee-NOHTCH)
- before the _____
- before _____ (pshed)
- Watch for the _____.
- watch out for _____. (OO-vah-zhay nah)
- intersection
- intersection (skshee-zho-VAH-nyeh)
- north
- north (N.) (POHW-nohts)
- south
- south (S.) (po-WOOD-nyeh)
- east
- east (E.) (wskhot)
- west
- west (W.) (za-KHOT)
- uphill
- uphill (pot gore)
- downhill
- downhill (vuh DOHW)
出租车
[]- 出租车!
- Taxi!, Taxi! (TAHK-see, tahk-SOV-kah)
- 请带我到_____。
- Take me to ______. (PRO-she mnjeh zav-YEZHTCH do)
- 到_____需要多少钱?
- How much is it to _____? (EE-leh kosh-TOO-yeh pshe-YAHZD do)
- 请带我到那里。
- Take me there, please. (PRO-she mnjeh tam zav-YEZHTCH)
住宿
[]- 有空房吗?
- Do you have any vacancies? (Chih so VOL-neh po-KO-yeh)
- 单人间/双人间多少钱一晚?
- How much is a room for one person/two people? (EEl-eh kosh-TOO-yeh PO-kooy dlah YED-neh osobih/dvokh o-SOB)
- 房间配有...
- Is this room with... (Chih ten PO-kooy jest zeh)
- ...床单?
- ...bed sheets? (pshe-SHYE-rad-wah-mee)
- ...浴室?
- ...a bathroom? (wah-ZYEHN-koh)
- ...a bath?
- ...a bath? (VAHN-noh)
- ...and a shower?
- ...a shower? (prish-NEE-tsem)
- ...电话?
- ...a telephone? (te-le-FON-ehm)
- ...电视?
- ...a television? (te-le-vee-ZOR-ehm)
- May I see the room (first)?
- May I see the room (first)? (Chih MOH-geh (NAY-pjerw) zo-BAH-tchihch PO-kooy)
- 有更安静的吗?
- Is there a quieter one? (Chih jest YAH-keesh TSIKH-shee)
- ...更大?
- ...a bigger one? (VYENK-shee)
- ...更干净?
- ...a cleaner one? (CHIHST-shee)
- ...更便宜?
- ...a cheaper one? (TAN-shee)
- 好的,我要了。
- All right. I'll take it. (DOB-she VEZ-men go)
- 我将住_____晚。
- I will stay for _____ night(s). (Zo-STAH-ne nah ____ nots(eh/ih))
- 您能推荐另一家酒店吗?
- Can you recommend another hotel? (Chih MOH-zhuh PAHN/PAHN-ee po-LEH-tsitch EEN-ih hotel)
- 有保险箱吗?
- Is there a safe here? (Chih jest too seyf)
- Where is/are locker(-s)?
- Where is/are locker(-s)? (g-DZYEH jest/so SHAT-nyah/SHAT-nyeh)
- 含早餐/晚餐吗?
- Is breakfast/supper included? (Chih shnyah-DAH-nyeh/ko-LAH-tsyah vlih-TCHO-neh)
- 早餐/晚餐几点?
- What time is breakfast/supper? (O KTO-rey godzinye yest hnyah-DAH-nyeh/ko-LAH-tsyah)
- 请打扫我的房间。
- Please clean my room. (PRO-she POs-psha-tatch moy PO-kooy)
- 您能在_____叫醒我吗?
- Can you wake me up at _____? (Chih MO-zhe mnjeh PAHN/PAHN-ee o-BOO-dzitch o)
- 我想退房。
- I want to check out. (Khtse shye vih-MEL-do-vatch)
货币
[]- 接受美元/澳元/加元吗?
- Can I pay with American/Australian/Canadian dollars? (...)
- 接受信用卡吗?
- Can I pay by card (credit card)? (...)
- Can you change money for me?
- Can I exchange money? (...)
- Where can I get money changed?
- Where can I exchange money? (...)
- 你能帮我兑换旅行支票吗?
- Can you change a traveler's check for me? (...)
- 我在哪里可以兑换旅行支票?
- Where can I change a traveler's check? (...)
- 汇率是多少?
- What is the exchange rate? (...)
- Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)?
- Where is the ATM? (...)
- Can you change me this for coins?
- Can you change me this for coins? (chih MO-geh mnjeh PAHN/PAHN-ee CHIH to nah MO-ne-tse?)
用餐
[]- 餐饮
- to eat (yehshch)
- 食物
- food (yeh-DZEN-yeh)
- A table for one person/two people, please.
- I would like a table for one person/two people. (po-PRO-she STO-leek dlaj YED-ney o-SO-bih/DVOKH o-SOB)
- Can I look at the menu, please?
- May I see the menu? (Chih MO-ge zo-BA-chihtch ME-nee)
- Is there a house specialty?
- What is the local specialty? (Chih jest spets-YAHL-noshch lo-KAH-lee)
- I'm a vegetarian.
- I am a vegetarian. (Yestem vege-tar-ian-em)
- I don't eat meat.
- I don't eat meat. (Nyeh jehm MYEN-sa)
- Can you make it "lite", please? (less oil/butter/lard)
- Could it be served "dietetically" (less oil/butter/lard)? (Chih mo-GWO=bih to bihtch po=DAH-ne "DJE-te-tihtch-nyeh" (mnyeh o-LEY-oo/MA-swa/SHMAL-tsoo))
- fixed-price meal
- Table d'hôte (TAH-bluh DOHT)
- 单点
- à la carte, from the menu (zeh KAR-tee, zeh ME-nee)
- 早餐
- breakfast (shnyah-DAHN-yeh)
- 午餐
- second breakfast/lunch/dinner (DROO-gjeh shnyah-DAHN-yeh/ob-YAD)
- dinner
- dinner/supper (ob-YAD/ko-LATS-ya)
- I want _____.
- I would like _____. (po-PRO-she)
- I want a dish containing _____.
- I would like a dish with _____. (po-PRO-she DAHN-yeh zeh)
- 鸡肉
- chicken (koor-TCHA-ka)
- 牛肉
- beef (vo-wo-WEE-nih)
- 鱼
- fish (RIH-bih)
- 火腿
- ham (SHIN-koh)
- 香肠
- sausage (pa-ROV-koh, kjew-BA-sa)
- 奶酪
- cheese (SER-em)
- egg, eggs
- egg (YAY-kjem)
- salad
- salad (sa-WAT-koh)
- (新鲜)蔬菜
- (fresh) vegetables ((SHVYEH-zheh) var-ZIH-va)
- (新鲜)水果
- (fresh) fruit ((SHVYEH-zheh) o-VO-tseh)
- 面包
- bread (khleb)
- bun, roll
- roll (BOOW-ka)
- 吐司
- tost
- noodles
- pasta (mah-kah-RON)
- rice
- rice (rihzh)
- potato
- potato (ZJEM-nyak), potato (kar-TA-fel)
- beans
- beans (fa-SO-la)
- 豌豆
- peas (grokh, GRO-shek)
- onion
- onion (tse-BOO-la)
- sour cream
- sour cream (SHMYEH-ta-na)
- red/green pepper
- red/green pepper (tcher-VO-na/zje-LO-na pa-PREE-ka)
- May I have a glass of _____?
- I would like a glass of _____? (po-PRO-she SHKLAN-ke)
- May I have a cup of _____?
- I would like a cup of _____? (po-PRO-she KOO-bek)
- May I have a bottle of _____?
- I would like a bottle of _____? (po-PRO-she boo-TEHL-ke)
- coffee
- ...coffee (KAH-vih)
- tea (drink)
- ...tea (her-BAH-tih)
- mint
- mint (MYE-ta)
- 糖
- sugar (TSOO-kyer)
- 果汁
- juice
- (bubbly) water
- water (sparkling) (VOH-da (gah-zo-VA-na))
- beer
- beer (PEE-vo)
- red/white wine
- red/white wine (tcher-VO-ne/BYA-we VEE-no)
- 请给我一些_____?
- May I have some _____? (Chih MO-ge DO-statch TRO-khe)
- 盐
- ...salt? (SO-lee)
- 黑胡椒
- ...pepper? (PYEH-pshee)
- 黄油
- ...butter? (MAS-wa)
- Excuse me, waiter? (getting attention of server)
- Excuse me? (pshe-pra-sham)
- 我吃完了。
- I'm finished. (skon-CHIH-wem)
- 很好吃。
- It was very good. (BIH-wo BAR-dzo DO-bre)
- The bill, please.
- The check, please. (PRO-she ra-KHOO-nek)
Bars
[]- 请给我一杯/两杯啤酒。
- One/two beers, please. (PEE-voh/dvah PEE-vah PROH-sheh)
- A glass of red/white wine, please.
- A glass of red/white wine, please. (...)
- 朗姆酒
- rum (ROOM)
- 水
- water (VOH-da)
- 橙汁
- orange juice (...)
- Coke (soda)
- Coke (or Cola) (KO-lah)
- 请再来一杯。
- Another one, please. (YESH-cheh ras PROHsheh(n))
- 请再来一轮。
- Another round, please. (YESH-cheh YED-nohm ko-LEH-keh(n) PROH-sheh)
- 几点关门?
- What time do you close? (oh KTOO-ray zah-mih-KAH-tsheh)
购物
[]- 有我尺码的吗?
- Do you have it in my size? (tchih yes v MO-eem ros-MIAH-zhe)
- How much is this?
- How much does this cost? (EE-leh toh kosh-TOO-yeh)
- Price.
- Price. (TSE-na)
- 太贵了。
- Too expensive. (...)
- 您能接受_____吗?
- Will you take _____? (tchih VEZH-mesh)
- 贵的
- expensive (...)
- 便宜的
- cheap (TAH-nyoh)
- 我买不起。
- I can't afford it. (nye statsh mnyeh)
- 我不要了。
- I don't want this. (nye khtseh(n) TEH-goh)
- 我没兴趣。
- I am not interested. (..)
- 好的,我要了。
- All right, I'll take it. (...f po-ZHOHNT-koo...)
- 能给我一个袋子吗?
- May I have a bag? (chih MOH-geh(n) DO-statch SYOH(N)-tkeh(n))
- 我需要...
- I need... (poh-tscheh-BOO-yeh)
- ...牙膏。
- ...toothpaste. (...)
- ...牙刷。
- ...a toothbrush. (...)
- ...肥皂。
- ...soap. (MOOD-woh)
- ...洗发水。
- ...shampoo. (SHAHM-pohn)
- ...pain reliever. (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen)
- ...pain reliever (e.g. aspirin or ibuprofen). (...)
- ...感冒药。
- ...a cold remedy. (...)
- ...胃药。
- ...stomach medicine. (...)
- ...剃须刀。
- ...a razor. (...)
- ...an umbrella.
- ...an umbrella. (...)
- ...防晒霜。
- ...sunscreen. (...)
- ...明信片。
- ...a postcard. (poch-TOOF-keh(n))
- ...postage stamps.
- ...stamps. (...)
- ...电池。
- ...batteries. (bah-TEH-ryeh)
- ...信纸。
- ...writing paper. (...)
- ...一支笔。
- ...a pen. (doo-goh-pees)
Driving
[]Polish street signs are pictograms. There are no 'one way', 'yield', etc. signs written in words.
- I want to rent a car.
- I would like to rent a car. (...)
- Can I get insurance?
- Can I get insurance? (...)
- stop (on a street sign)
- stop
- one way
- one way street (yed-noh-kje-roon-KOO-vah)
- yield
- yield (...)
- 禁止停车
- no parking (ZAH-kahz pahr-koh-VAH-nyah)
- speed limit
- speed limit (...)
- gas (petrol) station
- gas station (STAH-tsyah behn-zih-NOH-vah)
- petrol (any kind - in general)
- fuel (pah-LEE-voh)
- unleaded gasoline
- unleaded gasoline
- diesel
- diesel (dee-zehl), diesel fuel (ON), inform. oil (ROH-pah)
- motor oil
- motor oil
执法
[]- 我没做错任何事。
- I haven't done anything wrong. (nyeh zroh-BEE-veem neets ZWEH-goh)
- 是误会。
- This is a misunderstanding. (toh BIH-wo nye-poh-roh-zoo-MYEH-nyeh)
- 你要带我去哪里?
- Where are you taking me? (DOH-kohnt mnyeh zah-bieh-RAH-tsyeh)
- 我被逮捕了吗?
- Am I under arrest? (...)
- I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen.
- I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. (...)
- I want to talk to the American embassy/consulate.
- I want to talk to the American embassy/consulate. (khtse roz-MAH-vyatch z am-ba-SAH-dom/kon-soo-LA-tem a-meh-ree-KAN-skjehm)
- I want to talk via an English translator.
- I want to talk via an English translator. (khtse roz-MAH-vyatch peh-rez too-MAH-cha yen-ZHIH-ka ang-gyel-skje-go)
- 我现在可以付罚款吗?
- Can I just pay the fine now? (...)
Learning more
[]- A1-A2级别课程,包含语法、词典和论坛
- UniLang.org的波兰语论坛 [失效链接]at UniLang.org
- 简明波兰语语法(PDF格式,600 KiB)
- Ivona语音合成器 - 在线文本转语音演示
- Wikibooks上的“一些常用表达”,附带发音记录